物理化学教材处理探讨

《物理化学》教材中,存在明显的或需推导才能确定的印刷错误及处理正确但学生较难接受的相关知识等问题,针对这些题提出了相应的解决方案.     

Secondary School Students’ Construction and Use of Mathematical Models in Solving Word Problems

This study focussed on how secondary school students construct and use mathematical models as conceptual tools when solving word problems. The participants were 511 secondary-school students who were in the final year of compulsory education (15–16 years old). Four levels of the development of constructing and using mathematical models were identified using a constant-comparative methodology to analyse the student’s problem-solving processes. Identifying the general in the particular and using the particular to endow the general with meaning were the key elements employed by students in the processes of construction and use of models in the different situations. In addition, attention was paid to the difficulties that students had in using their mathematical knowledge to solve these situations. Finally, implications are provided for drawing upon student’s use of mathematical models as conceptual tools to support the development of mathematical competence from socio-cultural perspectives of learning.     

The effects of informational complexity and working memory on problem-solving efficiency

This study investigated the influence of informational complexity and working memory capacity on problem-solving efficiency. We examined two predictions of thesituational efficiency hypothesis, which states that the efficiency of problem solving varies as a function of situational constraints. One prediction is that informational complexity affects problem-solving efficiency. A second prediction is that working memory capacity affects problem-solving efficiency. Students completed a working memory task and solved abstract and concrete syllogisms. Participants solved abstract syllogisms more accurately than concrete syllogisms and spent more time solving abstract syllogisms. Thus participants demonstrated greater problem-solving efficiency when solving concrete syllogisms. Results indicate that there is a trade-off between problem-solving accuracy and problem-solving time when information differs with respect to informational complexity, a phenomenon we refer to as theefficiency paradox. Working memory capacity did not affect accuracy or efficiency. The results support the conclusion that problem-solving efficiency is situational and a function of the complexity of information. Educational implications and directions for future research are suggested.     

浅谈数学思想方法在解题中的应用

在数学解题中应用化归思想、数形结合思想、方程函数思想、参数思想、整体思想等方法,培养学生的逻辑思维能力和解决问题能力。     

基于三点二次插值的方程求根算法

考虑非线性方程的求根问题,将方程f（x）=0的求根问题转化为求函数g（x）=[f（x）]^2极小值的问题.利用优化技术中的三点二次插值法求解,在不需要计算导数的情况下给出一种具有超线性收敛的迭代算法.     

对一类不等式题型进行总结

不等式作为数学的基本内容,同时最值问题又是不等式问题中一大热门考点,它可以与函数,图像,解析几何等知识紧密结合在一起,将问题变得复杂化,成为大多数初学者的一大难点.本文以具体题目为例,探究一种关于不等式题型的一种模式解题方法,归纳并总结了以圆锥曲线,向量,函数为背景的不等式问题,并且对每一道问题进行点评,总结,让读者建立起基本的不等式思维.     

Private speech in children with ADHD and their typically developing peers during problem-solving and inhibition tasks

This study compared private speech of children with ADHD and normal controls during problem solving and inhibition tasks. Thirty-two children (16 children with ADHD and 16 matched controls) aged 6–11 years participated. Consistent with previous studies, children with ADHD produced more task-irrelevant and task-relevant external private speech than control children during problem-solving tasks, but did not differ in their use of task-relevant internal private speech. During the inhibition/attention task (Continuous Performance Test-II), children with ADHD produced more task-relevant external and more task-relevant internal private speech, suggesting that they may have employed a less mature strategy to aid in self-regulation. The educational implications of the current study are that there should be an increased awareness of the developmental nature and functional significance of private speech and how private speech usage may differ in children with ADHD.     

城市贫困人口问题的解决策略

随着我国经济体制改革的深入,我国出现了庞大的城市贫困人口队伍,如何让广大的人民享受改革发展的成果,是和谐社会所必须面临的难题。文章从城市贫困人口的现象出发,分析了我国城市贫困人口的现状,进而从中国的具体国情出发,强调初次分配的公平性。     

中小学“体育与保健”教学与学生思维能力的培养

本文遵循思维认识过程的一般规律,在学校《体育与保健》教学中的具体应用,使学生成为教学过程中积极的参与者.     

大企业效应与中小企业问题解决途径

大企业具有规模经济、协同经济、交易费用节约、信誉等效应。西方国家通过中小企业专业化经营与合作、社会及政府渠道解决中小企业问题,实际上是一个追求大企业效应的过程。解决我国中小企业问题,当前应关注中小企业专业化经营与大企业效应获取方式,中小企业集群发展,及中小企业问题解决逻辑顺序。