教师主导性与学生主体性无抵牾的学理分析

摘要：学校体育基础教育改革至今,教师的主导性与学生的主体性之间的关系问题,始终是一个被热议的问题,至今仍然没有形成一个科学、合理的结论。研究采用文献法,对影响我国近现代学校教育、学校体育的美国实用主义教育、进步主义教育、人本主义教育“学生中心说”,要素主义教育的“教师中心说”、结构主义教育的“学科中心说”,在教师与学生关系定位方面的尖锐对立进行了梳理与分析,从学理方面解释了两者之间非抵牾性的关系和各自的含义。研究认为,从教学论对教育、教学目标、内容、方法等的预成型和生成性理论阐释,以及体育教学的特殊性对于体育教师的特殊要求来看,教师主导性与学生主体性彼此融合,相互促进并能够得以充分发挥形成共振,才能够真正提高教学质量,充分实现体育教学的价值。将教和学割裂开来与对立起来,提出谁比谁更重要和以谁为主都是不科学、不可取的;教师主导性与学生主体性不仅不是一对矛盾体,而且是互相统一、又互相促进的无抵牾关系。要处理好这一关系,教师必须做到坚持“全面发展”的原则,做到心中有“教育”;坚持“实事求是”的原则,做到心中有“学情”;坚持以人为本的原则,做到心中有“学生”。     

Quentin Skinner,intentionality and the history of education

This article attempts to reconsider and re‐evaluate the often misunderstood and mis‐conceptualised notion of “progressivism” within education by examining it through the lens of intentionality, specifically the textual kind prescribed by Quentin Skinner in his seminal work “Visions of Politics” (2002). Locating and explicating his ideas will therefore form the first part of the article. In particular, there will be an examination of his two key analytical concepts, locutionary meaning and illocutionary force, which will act as the methodology for the analysis. The second part of the article will examine how writers of the past have tended to equate the term “progressivism” with “progressive schools”, seeing the concept as floating through time, independent of human agency. There will be a brief discussion on the problems of misconceiving progressivism in this way. To fulfil its chosen aim therefore, the article will use as its focus two contemporaneous educators from the past who have often been seen as fitting into the same, linear progressive tradition: Susan Isaacs and A.S. Neill. The article will demonstrate in its final part, through a Skinnerian examination of one of each of their key texts, how far from fitting into a homogenous progressive discourse Isaacs and Neill were when it came to their intentions and understandings in writing.     

沙特实现民主政治的可能性与渐进性

位于阿拉伯半岛的沙特王国,石油美元使得其经济飞速发展,但其政治上却仍然是家族统治的君主体制,随着民主化浪潮的发展,美国“大中东计划”的出台,其政治体制暴露出弊端,民主呼声日渐高涨,自身为适应民主化作出改革和探索,使得其实现民主政治具有了可能性。由于其伊斯兰特性,受传统价值观念的影响,从长远来看,沙特的民主政治不可能一蹴而就,具有渐进性。     

20世纪80年代以来美国“进步主义取向”的教育变革——“要素学校联盟”的理念与实践探析

要素学校联盟是创建于美国20世纪80年代的松散型学校联盟,旨在按照进步主义的理念改造美国基础教育。其三个阶段的发展历程和当前面临的巨大挑战表明,在当前美国保守主义主导的教育改革中,要素学校联盟的生存和发展是极为不易的,而它与保守主义教育的协作与对抗,展现了有关教育基本方向和价值的融合与冲突。     

综合实践活动课与进步主义教育哲学思想--从教育观、课程观、教学观分析

诞生于19世纪末20世纪初的美国,进步主义教育运动对世界各国的教育产生了广泛而深远的影响,它所提出的具有历史性及世界性的教育问题,仍然是21世纪教育改革所必须面对和解决的重大的课题,在当今教育改革的浪潮中,它仍然对我们具有启发意义.     

The impact of Western progressive educational ideas in Japan: 1868–1940

Little is known about the impact of Western educational ideals in Japan during the Meiji (1868–1912), Taisho (1912–1926) and Showa (post‐1926) eras, although, in reality, there was considerable interest among Japanese educators in Western thought and practice and there were numerous attempts to disseminate these ideas widely. This article highlights some of the more significant of these developments and attempts to assess their impact and their interpretation in a Japanese context. Translations of foreign philosophical and educational works on the one hand and the publication of teachers' magazines on the other were the two viaducts for what became little short of a Japanese educational movement that was one of the stepping stones to the modernisation of Japan and which has resonated down to the present. In this article this process is described through its chronological phases, during the period which saw Japan's transition from an intellectually isolated, inward‐looking society into one which developed as a democracy and saw the coming of industrialisation before moving into a period of Fascist supernationalism.     

永恒主义和进步主义教育哲学关于教育影响之思想的比较

本文在对永恒主义和进步主义教育哲学关于教育影响的思想进行分析比较的基础上,发现二者主要是通过不同的课程设置来影响其教育目的的实现的。进一步分析发现,二者的争论乃是实质教育论和形式教育论的争论的延续     

西方现代美术中"美"与"真"的消长

“美”与“真”是艺术美学的重要范畴 ,在不同时代的艺术中它们的地位有所侧重。而总体地讲 ,在西方现代美术发展的过程中 ,“美”与“真”是此消彼长 ,出现了重“真”不重“美”的追求倾向。对此 ,从文化逻辑和美学传统出发可以找到形成这种倾向的一些原因所在     

论20世纪80年代美国“优质运动”中的意识形态冲突

20世纪80年代美国的优质运动展现了保守主义在实现全面复兴与现代化过程中所进行的斗争。他们围绕着对"优质"概念符号进行批判、生产与再批判的线索,进而达成对公共教育政策文本的钳制。在这一过程中,不仅出现了保守主义与进步主义、激进主义之间的冲突,也出现了保守主义阵营内部——传统派与新保守主义之间的斗争,并进而帮助反思"永恒"、"常识"、"科学"等习以为常、普遍接受的语言符号中所蕴藏着的不平等的权力。