Building the expert teacher prototype: A metasummary of teacher expertise studies in primary and secondary education

While expert teachers remain a frequent focus of research in education, to date there have been very few attempts to conduct systematic reviews of this literature. This paper presents the findings of the first systematic metasummary of research on teacher expertise in K12 education (primary/elementary and secondary levels), based on analysis of 106 empirical studies from 16 countries involving 1124 teachers identified as experts. The inductively-developed coding framework was applied independently by both authors to the dataset to generate agreement counts for specific coding themes, firstly for specific domains of teacher expertise, and then stratified to compare primary and secondary studies. We present 73 specific features organised into six domains in our expert teacher prototype. Salient findings indicate that, with regard to professional practice, expert teachers reflect extensively and often critically on their practice, help their colleagues frequently, and are continuous learners throughout their careers. Concerning knowledge, we find that expert teachers have well-developed pedagogical content knowledge and knowledge about their learners. In the domain of pedagogic practice, we observe that expert teachers display flexibility in the classroom, build strong interpersonal relationships with their learners, whom they engage through their choice of activities and content, and frequently make use of strategies typically emphasised in both constructivist and learner-centred education literatures. We offer our prototype as a useful initial sketch of family resemblance among expert teachers rather than a checklist of necessary or expected features of expertise, also cautioning that the prototype remains far from complete.     

体育课教学中师生交流探析

体育教学效果取决于多种因素。师生之间的相互交流形成融洽气氛是很重要的因素之一。论述了体育教学中师生交流的重要性及一些行之有效的交流方法，并提出了师生交流中应注意的问题和交流技巧。     

从“提升工程”训后跟踪管窥新课程背景下农村音乐教师专业发展

2009年《福建省农村教师教育教学能力提升工程实施办法》明确指出,用5年左右时间对全省农村教师轮训一遍,推进素质教育的高素质农村中小学教师队伍。近年来,福建教育学院体育与艺术研修部承担了福建省农村中小学音乐学科教师教育教学能力提升工程培训工作(以下简称"提升工程")。在教学实践和校本研修阶段,课题组成员赴学员所任教中小学校开展训后跟踪活动。本研究遴选若干个观摩课例,从中分析影响农村音乐教师专业发展的因素,通过农村教师对常态课深挖的行动研究,以"国标"为基本依据,立足学科,建构农村音乐教师专业素质结构;同时立足教师培训机构,探讨"提升工程"促进农村音乐教师专业发展的有效管理策略。     

Preservice and inservice teachers’ perceptions of appropriateness of teacher self-disclosure

This study investigated preservice and inservice teachers' perceptions of appropriateness of teacher self-disclosure. A sample of 180 preservice teachers and 135 preK-12 teachers participated in the study. Results showed statistically significant differences between the groups of teachers in their perceptions of appropriateness of teacher self-disclosure in the three dimensions: Uncommon Topics, Uncommon Purposes, and Consideration of Students. No significant differences were found in the two dimensions: Common Topics and Common Purposes. This study makes an excellent contribution to the theoretical framework of the study of teacher self-disclosure and also provides implications for teaching and teacher education.     

谈中学化学教师实验教学研究能力的培养

基础教育改革要求中学教师具有教学研究能力。中学化学教师应具备化学实验教学研究的能力。本文就如何培养中学化学教师实验教学研究能力，以及化学实验教学研究的一般方法进行了探讨。     

美国教师信息技术教育标准述评

为应对信息社会和教育信息化对教师提出的新挑战，提高教师的信息素养和信息技术技能水平，美国制定了一系列教师信息技术教育标准并逐渐形成了完整的体系。文章试图就该标准体系及其在实践中的应用效果进行简单评述。     

Pre-service teachers’ perceptions of self as inclusive educators

Teacher education institutions play a key role in preparing pre-service teachers to graduate as competent and confident inclusive educators. Seeking to understand pre-service teachers’ current perceptions of diversity and inclusion, and how they perceived themselves as future inclusive educators, this qualitative study employed inductive analysis to explore pre-service teachers’ self-perceptions as inclusive teachers, utilising the theory of possible selves. Forty-six (n?=?46) of 292 pre-service teachers enrolled in an inclusive education subject in a graduate entry teacher education programme in eastern Australia participated in this study. Findings revealed that pre-service teachers had developed good theoretical understanding of inclusive education through their coursework. However, their development of possible selves as inclusive educators was less well-defined in that they had difficulty extending their understandings of who they might be as inclusive teachers beyond their coursework samples. This difficulty in identifying their cultural selves beyond a stereotypical norm of who a ‘classroom teacher’ is indicates a need for more and extensive time for pre-service teachers to develop their professional identities as inclusive educators.     

“意外”成就精彩——对课堂教学中“意外”的再认识

课堂教学中的“意外”是一种常态,其产生的原因主要有：学生的故意和外界干扰;教师缺乏熟练的课堂掌控能力;师生由于心理、情感、个性等差异造成的思维品质的差异;课堂生活的开放。教师应该重新认识课堂教学中的“意外”：检验着教师的教学实践智慧;彰显着学生的个性开放;内涵着师生的生命互动;生成着真实的课程资源。     

The Roles of the Primary Head in Voluntary Aided and County Schools: A Personal View

In Zimbabwe, there have been some debates on democratisation and decentralisation, which led to the development of policies meant to increase teacher participation in decision-making in schools. However, despite these developments, teacher participation in decision-making in Zimbabwean schools is regarded as insignificant. Teachers work closely with students and have firsthand knowledge of their strengths and weaknesses – they are therefore the most valuable people to develop and implement policies. This study investigated the extent of teacher participation in decision-making in Zimbabwean schools. The study adopted a qualitative/interpretive research methodology and used the case study research design as the operational framework for data gathering. Data was collected through interviews, documentary analysis and observation of two staff meetings per school from five secondary schools in Gweru Education District in Zimbabwe. The population sample comprised five secondary school heads and 20 secondary school teachers. The study established that teachers were insignificantly involved in decision-making despite their eagerness to be involved. Some duties are given to senior teachers or committees even when teachers feel that they should be directly involved. There are times when school heads make unilateral decisions and impose them on teachers for implementation. The study recommends that heads of schools should give their teachers room to come up with ideas and look at all contributions objectively.