An Experimental Evaluation of Guided Reading and Explicit Interventions for Primary-Grade Students At-Risk for Reading Difficulties

Abstract

Considerable research evidence supports the provision of explicit instruction for students at risk for reading difficulties; however, one of the most widely implemented approaches to early reading instruction is Guided Reading (GR; Fountas & Pinnel, 1996), which deemphasizes explicit instruction and practice of reading skills in favor of extended time reading text. This study evaluated the two approaches in the context of supplemental intervention for at-risk readers at the end of Grade 1. Students (n = 218) were randomly assigned to receive GR intervention, explicit intervention (EX), or typical school instruction (TSI). Both intervention groups performed significantly better than TSI on untimed word identification. Significant effects favored EX over TSI on phonemic decoding and one measure of comprehension. Outcomes for the intervention groups did not differ significantly from each other; however, an analysis of the added value of providing each intervention relative to expected growth with typical instruction indicated that EX is more likely to substantially accelerate student progress in phonemic decoding, text reading fluency, and reading comprehension than GR. Implications for selection of Tier 2 interventions within a response-to-intervention format are discussed.     

感恩的内涵、评估及大学生感恩心理干预研究简

学会感恩是大学生心理健康教育的重要课题。结合国内外对“感恩”的研究,从心理学领域分析感恩的内涵和运作机制、感恩的作用以及感恩的评估等理论问题,最后从实践的角度,提出对大学生感恩心理进行干预的思路和途径。     

艺术院校体质健康标准测试的影响因素及干预策略

《学生体质健康标准》历经12年的修改完善,自2004年在全国各高校全面推行后,历年的体质测试反映出艺术院校学生身体素质呈逐年下降状态,体质健康水平也出现下滑趋势。本文通过分析艺术院校体质健康测试现状,从中找出影响艺术院校体质健康标准测试的因素,有的放矢地提出可行性干预措施。     

The effects of the Healthy Steps for Young Children Program: results from observations of parenting and child development

The Healthy Steps for Young Children Program (HS) is designed to provide support for new parents through the pediatrician's office. We present findings of the effect of HS on the quality of mother–child interaction, security of attachment, and child behavior using observational data from two of the HS sites that utilized a randomized treatment design. Results indicated that mothers participating in Healthy Steps were more likely to interact sensitively and appropriately than mothers in the comparison group at the second assessment point (age 34–37 months) but not at the first assessment point (age 16–18 months). There were no differences in child outcomes at either time point when the cross-sectional data were analyzed. However, the results of the longitudinal analysis (which included families who participated in the home observations at both Time 1 and Time 2) indicated that Healthy Steps participation was associated with greater security of attachment and fewer child behavior problems.     

变革型领导理论研究述评

首先简要介绍了变革型领导的概念及结构;然后从相关工作态度、工作绩效及行为等方面分析了变革型领导的影响效果及机制;接下来总结了变革型领导的影响因素及干预措施;最后,指出该理论仍有待于进一步探索和完善的方面。     

Enhancing arithmetic in pre-schoolers with comparison or number line estimation training: Does it matter?

Children's intuitive understanding of number, i.e. number sense, is associated with individual differences in mathematics achievement. To investigate the causal association between number sense, traditionally assessed with comparison or number line estimation tasks, and mathematics achievement, often assessed with an arithmetic test, an intervention study was conducted that aimed at training either comparison or number line estimation skills. We contrasted a comparison and number line estimation training. By doing so, we wanted to address the question which intervention had the largest effect on arithmetic. In addition, such a direct comparison between comparison and number line estimation trainings would allow us to get more insight in the association between both tasks. Participants were 151 five-year-olds that were randomly allocated to either an experimental condition (i.e. comparison or number line estimation) or one of the two control conditions (i.e., active control condition and empty control condition) in a pretest-posttest design measuring number knowledge, (non-)symbolic comparison and number line estimation and arithmetic. The results showed that both comparison and number line estimation trainings had a positive effect on arithmetic. However, the absence of transfer effects from one task to another, also suggested that comparison and number line estimation rely on different mechanisms and probably influence arithmetic through different mechanisms.     

Encouraging children to think in more inclusive ways

This article explores the possible contributions that children can make in educational settings that aim to move towards greater inclusion. In constructing her debate, Kyriaki Messiou, lecturer in education in the Centre for Educational Studies at the University of Hull, draws on understandings gained through an ethnographic study carried out in a primary school in Cyprus. She used qualitative methods to collect her data, carrying out participant observations and semi-structured interviews with all the children in the school. Her study adopted a broad view of inclusion that is concerned with addressing any form of marginalisation that might be experienced by students. In the first phases of the study, children who were possibly experiencing marginalisation were identified and the practices used in the school were explored. Then, during the final phase, which is the main focus of this article, efforts were made to help children think in more inclusive ways. Kyriaki Messiou describes the activities she used in this intervention phase, all designed to promote pupil participation, and argues that these offer promising strategies for teachers who wish to develop more inclusive ways of working.     

运动干预对增强青少年体质与健康促进效果的研究

运用文献资料、体质测量、数理统计等研究方法,对高职院校学生的身体形态、机能和身体素质三个指标进行测试。结果表明,实验组通过12周的运动干预,其健身效果显著,验证了运动干预内容、方法和手段能有效地达到增强青少年体质的目的。     

六盘水市部分中学生自残自虐行为的原因及干预

通过对六盘水市部分中学生的自残自虐行为的问卷调查和访谈,发现中学生自残自虐行为多种多样。造成的原因有：童年的创伤、现实的压抑、关注的需要、人格因素、生理因素和青春期的特殊心理。可采用正确归因、学校疏导、家庭配合和社会关注的干预措施来帮助青少年。