The role of task and ego-oriented climate in explaining students’ bright and dark motivational experiences in Physical Education

Background: A distinction is made in Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) between task-oriented (i.e. effort, intra-individual progress, and self-comparison) and ego-oriented (i.e. inter-individual progress and normative comparison) climates. Combining insights from AGT and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), studies in the PE context have shown that a task-oriented climate positively relates to need satisfaction, although the findings regarding the motivating role of an ego-oriented climate are inconsistent. Moreover, little is known about the role of task- or ego-oriented climates in explaining experiences of basic psychological need frustration.

Purpose: Grounded in AGT and SDT, the aim of the present study was to examine if experiences of basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration can explain why task- and ego-oriented climates elicit positive and negative motivational outcomes in PE, respectively.

Research design: Cross-sectional study.

Method: A sample of 524 secondary school students (51.1% boys, M_age?=?14.51; SD?=?1.81) from five different secondary schools participated in this study. Students reported on their perceptions of task- and ego-oriented climates, motivational regulations, basic psychological need satisfaction, and need frustration, as well as positive and negative outcomes in PE. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate our objective.

Results: We found that a task-oriented climate had a strong and positive relationship with basic psychological need satisfaction, eliciting a bright pathway to autonomous motivation and affective attitude. An ego-oriented climate was positively related to basic psychological need frustration, eliciting a dark pathway to amotivation and boredom. A negative cross-path from task-oriented climate to basic psychological need frustration was also found, while no significant cross-paths were found from ego-oriented climate to basic psychological need satisfaction.

Conclusions: This study provides a better understanding of the mechanisms that explain why task- and ego-oriented climates shape students’ motivational experiences in PE lessons. It is suggested that a task-oriented climate elicits a bright pathway towards more optimal functioning, because it fosters experiences of need satisfaction and buffers against experiences of need frustration. In contrast, an ego-oriented climate is primarily positively related to feelings of need frustration and negative motivational outcomes. Practical implications for PE teacher training are discussed.     

航海体育锻炼对航海专业的学生心理健康的影响

体育锻炼与心理健康之间关系的研究是当代体育运动心理学研究的热点问题之一。本文采用文献资料法,阐述了当前我国航海专业的大学生心理健康状况及航海体育锻炼对大学生心理健康的积极影响。航海体育锻炼是促进海上专业大学生心理健康,改善其心理状态,调节情绪的重要手段之一。     

试论篮球裁判员临场执法中心理调控的分析与对策

通过调查问卷和走访、咨询部分篮球界专家,结果发现裁判员在临场中的判罚尺度和准确性与裁判员的心理有直接的关系。裁判员的心理变化受到临场执法经验不足、篮球规则裁判法的掌握程度、情绪不稳定、自信心不足、职业道德等问题的影响,本文试对此进行分析并探究对策,希望能为今后篮球裁判员在执法中提高心理调控能力提供参考依据。     

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随着散打运动的普及与发展,运动队和运动员之间的技术水平都比较接近,为避免运动员出现＂克拉克现象＂,在比赛中取得优异的成绩,我们应注重培养运动员的心理品质和抗干扰的能力。     

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高校业余短跑运动员在比赛中要取得理想成绩,除了要有良好的身体素质和合理的技、战术外,在很大程度上取决于运动员的赛前心理状态。良好的赛前心理状态在一定程度上可以弥补运动员身体和技术方面的不足,其心理素质稳定、竞技状态良好非常重要,因此,对短跑运动员进行科学合理的心理训练至关重要。     

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目的：探讨运动方式与中职生心理健康之间的关系。方法：以宝鸡3所职业技术学校随机抽取的575名中职生为研究对象,按运动方式将其分为安静组、室内运动组和室外运动组,采用自测健康评定量表（SRHMS）对个体心理健康状况进行测查,对测查数据采用单因素方差分析和相关分析。结果：（1）“室外运动组”中职生的心理健康总体水平及其正向情绪、社会关系与社会适应、自我概念各维度上显著高于“安静纽”和“室内运动纽”,在负向情绪得分上显著低于“安静组”和“室内运动组”,“安静组”和“室内运动组”的中职生之间没有显著差异;（2）运动方式与中职生心理健康总分及其各维度相关显著,均达到.05的显若性水平。结论：室外运动更有利于心理健康.运动方式与心理健康显著相关,     

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通过研究体育课教学中开展心理健康教育的探索,旨在培养学生在防治心理疾病、保障心理健康,塑造完善人格等方面养成良好习惯。因此,体育教学的各个环节,应结合心理健康教育目标的要求进行设计和操作,才能让学生学会学习,学会生活,成为具有良好的社会适应能力和健全发展的人。     

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通过对体育教育专业大学生进行个性心理因素的测试,结果显示：体育专业大学生在稳定性、兴奋性、忧虑性、紧张性4种个性特征总体状态良好,心理健康水平总体高于普通人群;男女生在稳定性与忧虑性两个因素上存在显著差异,女生心理健康水平低于男生;年级之间个性心理健康表现出“两头好、中间差”的特点。     

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