Tensions experienced by teachers and their views of support for pupils with autism spectrum disorders in mainstream schools

The number of pupils with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who receive their education in mainstream schools in the UK has increased considerably over the last 10 years. Despite this increase, teachers and other support staff face a number of challenges in order to ensure that these inclusive arrangements bring maximum benefits to the children themselves, their parents and the school community as a whole. In this study we explore some of the tensions that teachers in mainstream schools may experience, many of which reflect the unique problems that the inclusion of pupils with ASD can present. In addition, we explore how these tensions may shape their views of support arrangements for those pupils. We observed 17 pupils with ASD ranging from 7 to 16 years, all of whom were placed in a regular class in one of eight mainstream schools on a full‐time basis, and carried out interviews with their teachers, teaching assistants (TAs) and special educational needs coordinator. Findings suggest that tensions reported by school staff are inherently shaped by the ASD‐related manifestations, particularly those pertaining to their difficulties in social and emotional understanding. These tensions determine the quality of the transactions and interactions between the teachers and the pupils with ASD. Based on these tensions, teachers form their views of the type of support that is needed for those pupils. Evidence from the data suggests that, in order for these tensions to be kept at manageable proportions, teachers rely heavily on the TA, whose role in working closely with the pupil is perceived as being indispensable. Building on the study’s findings, we suggest a generic conceptualization for the successful inclusion of pupils with ASD, which is grounded in the systems theory perspective of the relationship between the teachers and these children.     

对我国"学校、家庭、社区"体育教育一体化网络模式的研究

通过集合模型的建立,结合我国中小学生的特点,对"学校、家庭、社区"体育教育一体化网络模式进行了研究。为广大中小学学生的健康成长营造良好的环境,积极推进学校体育、家庭体育和社区体育相结合的体育教育模式,构建立体的全方位区域性体育教育社会化网络,不仅是素质教育的要求,亦是体育教育创新的落脚点。     

文学阅读与历史维度

文学阅读是对于作品的一种再创造．它依赖于作品的规定情境。文学阅读的再创造又是在历史视点框架的支配下进行，它还要在历史视点的规定情境中才可以进行有效的再创造，表现出作者、读者、作品同历史视点之间相互促进的辨证关系。     

网络对中小学生的影响及如何正确引导

文章指出：正确教育学生、引导学生、健康上网、抓好精神文明建设、抵制不良思潮和腐朽文化的侵蚀，是义不容辞的责任。学校及全社会都应为中小学生网络安全提供有利保障。     

Representing Ophelia from the Feminist Perspectives

Ophelia was not considered a significant figure until the feminist criticisms. Although different critics have different comments on her from different perspectives, this article focuses on how feminist criticism should represent Ophelia in its discourse and how the role of Ophelia was performed in the play Hamlet.     

Opportunities and obstacles to consider when using peer- and self-assessment to improve student learning: Case studies into teachers' implementation

Peer- and self-assessment (PASA) are student-led assessment practices with the potential to positively affect achievement. Case studies of three New Zealand classrooms were examined to explore teacher and student perspectives of and purposes for PASA. Four themes (i.e., improvement, accountability, social interaction, and accuracy) were identified. Teachers cited mainly improvement purposes for PASA, with students primarily focused on accuracy and social interaction concerns. Data indicated that these teachers and students needed deeper understanding of how to use PASA for improvement and self-regulation purposes. This suggests teachers must provide concrete instruction in PASA and carefully manage interpersonal issues for successful implementation.     

农村小学生不良言行的成因及对策初探

近年来,农村小学生中出现不良行为习惯的现象在增多。究其原因,在于农村“家庭教育场”、“社区教育场”、“学校教育场”的不良影响。为此,要进行学校沟通、对话,形成教育的合力;持之以恒,狠抓学生行为习惯的养成教育;营造氛围,构建良好的学生集体。     

City of London School and Communities that Care: Researching Pupil Experience to Inform Policy and Practice in the Independent Sector

This article is an account of the decision by an independent school to participate in its local Healthy Schools Scheme. One of the factors that influenced this decision was the value the school gained from a pupil survey. The same survey was used to track the impact of the school's Personal, Social and Health Education curriculum and pastoral work on pupils' experience of the school, and academic achievement. In particular, the authors explore the role of survey analysis and consultancy advice in interpreting survey results and developing school practice. The survey contributed to pupil participation in school development. The use of an external consultant as critical friend was perceived as an aid to school reflection and self-review.     

学生创新素质的生成与发展研究

21世纪以来，有关创新教育的研究渐成热点，从教育的对象－学生创新素质的研究着手，有助于创新教育理论的深化和实践的开展，在逐层揭示了创新，创新素质以及学生的创新素质内涵的基础上，着重论述了中小学生创新素质的生成条件，并为中小学生创新素质的发展作了一些教育教学策略方面的探讨。     

论21世纪中小学体育的健康教育功能

根据当前中学生的身心健康现状,21世纪学校体育须以终身教育为指导思想,由过去以传授运动技术为主教学体系向以合理的运动实践为手段,全面增强身心健康,传授体育化,培养体育健身意识和能力相统一的方向发展,为终身从事体育健身锻炼奠定良好的基础。