The impact of AVID tutoring on developing a teacher identity Bradley Bowen,Stacy Duffield

ABSTRACT

There is extensive research demonstrating the benefit tutoring has on the tutee. However, minimal research exists about the impact tutoring has on the tutor, and particularly, how being a tutor influences pre-service teacher development during teacher preparation. Using qualitative measures, we documented the influence participating in the tutoring program, Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID), has on a pre-service teacher’s development of their teacher identity, predominantly in the areas of pedagogical knowledge and practice. We revealed how the AVID tutoring program influenced the tutors’ development of their teacher identity, implications of the findings, and areas for future research and practice.     

从“观察者”到“参与者”——外语教师教育研究的新视角

近年来,外语教师教育研究已经开始认识到了外语教师在推动和理解外语教学中的核心作用。为了更全面地理解外语教学过程,笔认为：应该将教师置于外语教师教育研究的中心。因为外语教学过程的复杂性以及如何学会教学是很难以外在旁观的角度来体认的。故而,用叙事学方法探索外语教师对教学的所知,对于探索教师如何理解她们在课堂中的教学有十分重要的意义。     

A Critical Analysis of the Sources of Reading Recovery: An Empiricist Perspective

This discussion of the sources of Reading Recovery presents the results of an investigation into whether or not this relatively costly, tutoring remedial reading program, designed for primary-grade students, is based on relevant experimental evidence as to how these students best learn to read. The general finding of the study was that Reading Recovery principles and practices are not based firmly on the experimental evidence that supports the so-called bottom-up model of children's reading development. To the contrary of Reading Recovery, Marie Clay, favors so-called top-down principles and models of reading instruction. Reading Recovery uses several empirically unverified procedures to decide which students are admitted to its tutoring sessions, to determine the progress in reading rehabilitation these tutees make, and to judge when students should be discontinued from Reading Recovery tutelage. The details on the shortcomings of Reading Recovery are judged to be prima facie evidence that it may not be a cost-effective educational innovation. Further authentication in that regard, it is pointed out, are recent studies by disinterested researchers who report that: (a) the initial successes of Reading Recovery in helping disabled readers overcome their handicap are only temporary in nature, and (b) the majority of the precepts and procedures prescribed for Reading Recovery by Marie Clay reflect a top-down orientation to reading development, as does the Whole Language (WL) philosophy of reading attainment. Educators and school boards should take this orientation of Reading Recovery under advisement when considering its purchase, it is urged.     

Exploring mentoring in the context of team science

Despite increased research into team science and collaboration, little is known about postdoctoral scholars’ pathways to becoming independent researchers, particularly as it relates to the mentoring relationship. The purpose of our study was to explore if and how the team science framework promotes collaboration and the development of independent researchers from mentees’ and mentors’ perspectives. A convenience sample of faculty mentors and postdoctoral mentees, participated in semi-structured interviews. The analysis revealed three themes for the mentees: working with others, evaluating mentoring, exploring resources, and five themes for the mentors: elaborating on scholarly productivity, mentoring style, setting team culture, strategies to develop T32 scholars, and evaluating program qualities. The findings showed that scholars were engaged in an atmosphere of collaboration fostered by their mentors and that mentors encouraged scholars’ capacity for scientific thinking. Future studies should acquire the perspectives of all team members to examine how teams function.     

分层视角下沪籍老人养老需求的调查研究

沪籍老人养老状态、养老需求、对政策的了解等方面都存在多样性的现状。某一方面单一的服务提供不能满足老年群体的需求。因此,通过对养老群体进行分层研究,提供准确评估分层实施动态调整的精准养老服务可以节约养老资源,并提高老年人的满意度和满足感。     

论定量与定性研究的结合问题及其对我国心理学研究的启示

定性与定量研究是社会科学研究领域中的两大主要范式 ,二者既存在较大的差别 ,但是也互相联系 ,具有结合的可能性。定性与定量研究的结合可以在研究视角、研究设计、具体研究方法等不同层面结合 ,从此发挥两类范式的各自优点 ,组成最适合研究所需的混合研究模式。与国际心理学研究先进水平相比 ,我国心理学研究在定量与定性两方面均存在较大的差距 ,两种研究范式之间又缺乏交流与借鉴 ,这极大地限制了我国心理学研究的进一步整合。因此 ,在当前对定性与定量研究的结合问题进行探讨对于我国心理学的今后发展无疑具有重大的意义与迫切性     

学前教育专业师范生驻园见习阶段心理历程分析

采用目的性随机抽样法,对7名2013级、30名2014级学前教育专业师范生的焦点团体访谈结果和反思笔记进行分析,发现学前教育专业师范生驻园见习期间经历了"使命与不安并存且略显迷茫的期待期—尴尬于自身‘见习学生’与‘见习教师’双重身份的矛盾期—反思自身未来职业规划的探索期"等阶段的心理变化。自我身份的认同和重要他人的支持是主要影响因素。据此,提出了相关支持策略:借助驻园见习实践共同体,支持师范生见习全程的心理成长;严格审查幼儿园指导教师资质,发挥幼儿园指导教师的积极影响。     

产出性词汇和接受性词汇关系述评

文章介绍了第二语言中接受性词汇和产出性词汇的研究背景,讨论了二者的数量关系和质量差异,关注了二者习得的先后顺序,并指出了研究者在该领域进一步研究探索的方向.     

The ethics and politics of policing plagiarism: a qualitative study of faculty views on student plagiarism and Turnitin®

Recently, the usage of plagiarism detection software such as Turnitin^® has increased dramatically among university instructors. At the same time, academic criticism of this software’s employment has also increased. We interviewed 23 faculty members from various departments at a medium-sized, public university in the southeastern US to determine their perspectives on Turnitin^® and student plagiarism. We wanted to discern if there are important disciplinary differences in how instructors define and handle plagiarism; how instructors use Turnitin^®; and if instructors’ thinking aligns with ethical and political concerns commonly expressed in the academic literature. Despite varying attitudes towards Turnitin^®, those interviewed did not differ significantly in their views as to what student plagiarism is or its seriousness, and typical objections to ‘policing’ plagiarism and Turnitin^® had little resonance with interviewees. The majority viewed a substantial amount of plagiarism they encountered as unintentional and penalised only what they considered to be extreme versions of intentional plagiarism. However, often this contradicted the way they presented the concept of plagiarism in their syllabi and their classrooms. Surprisingly, these patterns were consistent among those who employed the software frequently and those who did not.     

Incorporating field trips as science learning environment enrichment – an interpretive study

This interpretive study of learning environments involved two groups of Israeli science teachers who participated in courses and implemented field trips as part of sciencetechnologysociety (STS) education and under the framework of general system theory. The different groups of preservice and experienced teachers were selected in order to provide diverse perspectives on learning environments associated with the enactment of field trips as enrichment for the science classroom. The article describes the field trip programs and provides examples of how teachers in different stages of their professional development perceive the content, learning activities and problem solving as characteristics of the learning environment. The learning environment categories identified under the content characteristic were interest, interdisciplinary, innovation, difficulty, and contexualising. Under the activity characteristic were autonomy, involvement, collaboration, interaction, effectiveness and concretisation. Under problem solving were identified interaction, availability of resources, teacher support and democracy. The teachers' perceptions of the experienced learning environment were diverse and the categories described provide a framework of planning improvement in the content domain as well as in the enactment process of the field trip planned according to the principles of the general system theory.