试论数学在现代经济学中的作用

随着经济学的发展,用数学分析和求解问题已成为对各经济领域进行研究,从而获得最佳解决方案的必要手段,如经济指标分析、金融市场风险评估,效益的合理分配、生产成本控制等都离不开数学模型的建立与求解,数学在经济学中的运用不断扩展,已成为经济学中最重要的方法之一,是经济理论研究取得突破的重要工具。     

Does regional disadvantage affect health-related sport and physical activity level? A multi-level analysis of individual behaviour

This study examines the role of regional government quality in health-related participation in sport and physical activity among adults (18–64 years) in 28 European countries. The importance of the analysis rests in the relative autonomy that regional and local governments have over policy decisions connected with sport and physical activity. While existing studies have focussed on economic and infrastructural investment and expenditure, this research investigates the quality of regional governments across 208 regions within 28 European countries. The individual-level data stem from the 2013 Eurobarometer 80.2 (n?=?18,675) and were combined with regional-level data from Eurostat. An individual's level of participation in sport and physical activity was measured by three variables reflecting whether an individual's activity level is below, meets, or exceeds the recommendations of the World Health Organization. The results of multi-level analyses reveal that regional government quality has a significant and positive association with individual participation in sport and physical activity at a level meeting or exceeding the guidelines. The impact is much larger than that of regional gross domestic product per capita, indicating that regional disadvantage in terms of political quality is more relevant than being disadvantaged in terms of economic wealth.     

Endurance athletes' coping function use during competitive suffering episodes

Abstract

Endurance athletes who realise that they are falling short of important personal goals during competition are expected to experience competitive suffering. As a negative affective state with implications for performance and personal experiences, it is important to understand how endurance athletes cope with competitive suffering. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate differences in athletes' momentary coping function use over time during a competitive suffering episode. Twenty-six runners (mean age: 35.8 years) completed a 5-km running time trial that evoked an experience of competitive suffering using false failure-oriented feedback. Momentary assessments of goal attainment feelings and coping function use were completed immediately following the running time trial using video-mediated recall. Pooled time series analysis was used to predict coping function use across several points in time (i.e. earlier and later stages of a competitive suffering episode) and at different ratings of goal attainment feelings. Analyses revealed that negative feelings about goal attainment moderately predicted problem-focused coping use, and strongly predicted emotion-focused coping use. Although it was not predicted by goal attainment feelings, avoidance coping use was decreased over time throughout suffering episodes. Overall, this study supports propositions that the coping process is continually adapted to competitive demands and identifies the roles of distinct coping functions within the total coping effort.     

我国图书馆学情报学基金论文产出力调查研究与定量分析

调查研究1996～2003年4月间我国图书馆学、情报学基金论文情况(包括论文数量、类别及年代分布、期刊分布、主题分布)和基金论文作者情况(包括作者系统分布、地区分布、多产作者分布、职称分布、合作类型分布)，并对有关数据进行定量分析。     

浅析句法象似性

语言符号既有任意性,也有象似性.象似性是当今认知语言学研究中的一个重要课题,是指语言符号的能指与所指之间的自然联系.象似性存在于语言的各个方面,语言象似性特别是句法象似性是客观存在的.     

Exploring alternative approaches to methodology in educational research

The objective of this study is to provide in-service teachers an opportunity to become familiar with the controversial nature of progress in science (growth of knowledge) and its implications for research methodology in education. The study is based on 41 participants who had registered for a nine-week course on Methodology of Investigation in Education, as part of their Master’s degree program. The course is based on 20 readings drawing upon a history and philosophy of science perspective (positivism, constructivism, Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos) and its implications for educational research. Course activities included written reports, class room discussions based on participants’ presentations, and written exams. Based on the results obtained it was concluded that: (a) participants were able to understand the basic ideas of constructivist philosophy and its pedagogical implications; (b) the role of behavioural objectives in actual educational practice was questioned; (c) integration of qualitative and quantitative research methods was considered to be an alternative to the current debate about the replacement of one method by the other; (d) participants considered the dilemma of evaluating students based on what they have learned or what they should have learned, within the social constructivist framework and generally favoured the former; and (e) most of the participants were reluctant to accept constructivism as a form of positivism, a controversial thesis that is gaining support in the research literature. Given the importance of alternative approaches to growth and meaning of knowledge, it is important that teachers be aware of conflicting situations in the classroom that refer to: objectivity, scientific method, qualitative-quantitative methods, relationship between method and problem, evaluation, and a critical appreciation of constructivism.     

分析化学实验课教学改革初探

从教学内容、教学手段、学生成绩评定等方面，对分析化学实验课的教学进行了改革与探索，取得了较为理想的教学效果。     

可持续发展决策支持系统开发与应用

讨论了发展中国家可持续发展问题的特征 ,为开发和应用决策支持系统辅助发展中国家可持续发展问题的决策 ,给出了构造可持续发展决策支持系统的策略、可持续发展问题模型化的表示方法、开发定义可持续发展问题的非过程性语言的方法和基于定理证明的数值计算与非数值计算     

关于社会现象定量研究的简要评析

社会现象定量研究是一种比较先进的社会现象研究方法.与社会现象定性研究比较,社会现象定量研究具有五大特点,即数量性、客观性、科学性、严密性和概括性.社会现象定量研究有助于精确描述社会现象、获得新的社会信息、有效实施社会预测、提高社会研究水平.但它也有某些局限,这主要是适用范围的局限、实施过程的局限、研究结果的局限.因此,对于社会现象定量研究,我们可以提出两点建议:第一,必须重视社会现象定量研究的进一步发展;第二,必须重视社会现象定量研究与定性研究的有效结合.     

国外Google Scholar研究的文献计量分析

以Web of Science为文献源,采用文献计量学与信息可视化技术相结合的方法,借助可视化分析软件CiteSpace Ⅱ,针对2004年至今的以Google Scholar为研究主题的文献,从文献量、作者、期刊、重要文献和研究主题等方面进行分析,以揭示Google Scholar的研究现状。