三科教材中的历史英雄人物:基于数据的研究

对中华人民共和国成立以来人教版十套教材和课改后多版本教材德育、语文、历史等学科教材中出现的历史英雄人物及其分类、出现频次、学科分布、学段分布、时代分布的大规模量化研究,可以发现革命领袖一直是各个时期教材中出现频率最高的英雄类别,但其他类别的历史英雄人物在不同时期出现频次占比次序各有不同。除岳飞、林则徐、毛泽东、鲁迅、雷锋等少数历史英雄人物各套别和版本分布特征相似度较高外,不同套别和版本教材中各类型历史英雄人物分布特征各异。建议新时期统编三科教材保证重点历史英雄人物及其内容的篇幅,保证各类型历史英雄人物的平衡分布。     

The one-in-ten: quantitative Critical Race Theory and the education of the ‘new (white) oppressed’

ABSTRACT

This paper challenges the notion that quantitative data – as a numeric truth – exist independent of a nation’s political and racial landscape. Utilising large-scale national attainment data, the analysis challenges the belief that ‘White working class’ children in England, especially boys, are ‘the new oppressed’ – as a former equality adviser has publicly claimed. The analysis applies Quantitative Critical Race Theory, or ‘QuantCrit’, an emerging quantitative sub-field of Critical Race Theory in education. The paper argues that far from being ‘oppressed’, White boys continue to enjoy achievement advantages over numerous minoritised groups; especially their peers of Black Caribbean ethnic origin. Additionally, the analysis uniquely exposes racialised trends of ‘equivalency’ in core subject qualifications, whereby minority ethnic children are over-represented in certain lower-status qualifications that are counted as equivalent in education statistics but not in the real world labour market. The analysis concludes that knowing misrepresentations of quantitative data are at the heart of an institutional process through which race and racism are produced, legitimised and perpetuated in education.     

职业院校学生量化考核体系的构建

相对于普通教育而言,职业教育办学具有应用性和开放性的特点,其学生考核体系更具实效性、实践性,在考核指标分布中除基本理论知识的要求外,更加重视学生动手、操作、社会实践、实习实训等职业能力的高要求。根据职业院校人才培养模式特征,通过对学生个人情况的综合分析,将考核体系的主要内容归纳为智育考核系统、德育理论与实践考核系统、文体活动考核系统、职业技能考核系统、特殊奖励与其他系统共五大类。     

The contribution of PISA to the convergence of education policies in Europe

The international comparative studies on students’ outcomes have initiated analyses that have had a growing influence on national and sub‐national education policies in industrialised and developing countries. It is particularly the case of the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) which started in 2000 and has organised surveys every 3 years, so that the 2015 survey was the 6^th. Its influence has been particularly important for several reasons: 1) it assesses the basic competences in reading literacy, maths and science of 15 year‐olds students, i.e. around the end of compulsory education in many countries; 2) the assessment is based on a reliable methodology and the tests are completed by qualitative surveys and studies; 3) and the results lead to recommendations and are amplified by the media in most countries. However, it is not easy to evaluate the real impact of PISA because of the existence of other international studies such as IEA's TIMSS and, particularly in Europe, the influence of the recommendations and benchmarks of the EU that has been growing steadily in the last 25 years. Our analysis of the impact of PISA and EU policy focuses on the evolution of the education policy in France, but also studies its evolution in a few other European countries. Finally, we underline the limits of the influence of PISA and international standards in education towards a convergence of education systems because of the importance of their specific historic and cultural contexts.     

文献老化研究现状的分析

随着科学技术的不断进步 ,科学知识不断更新 ,新的知识不断取代旧的知识 ,这是科学发展的客观规律。而作为科学知识记录的科技文献必然要随之发生新陈代谢。文献老化是一种必然的普遍社会现象。文献老化及其规律是科学计量学与文献计量学的重要课题。自从C .F .Gosnell研究文献老化现象以来 ,人们围绕文献老化的机理、量度指标、数学模型及其影响因素展开了大量研究。研究主要是围绕三个方面进行的 :一是文献老化理论的研究 ,进而探索文献信息传播的动态规律 ;二是对研究方法与定量描述方法的研究 ,以便准确把握老化规律及其动力机制 ;三…     

Gaps and Bits: Conceptualizing Measurements for Digital Divide/s

Three arguments are raised in this article with regard to the indices used to measure the digital divide. First, I criticize policymakers who rely on simplistic measures of the digital divide, at the expense of a thoughtful analysis of (1) the purpose of the tool, (2) the level of observation, and (3) the method of approaching the data. Second, I argue that networks and associated technologies are not neutral artifacts but are political and social spaces in their structure as well as in their content levels. Accordingly, we need to factor in the context as an important actor in conceptualizing and measuring the digital divide. Third, two general types of indices are used for the measurement of the digital divide(s): focused monotopical indices and comprehensive indices. Monotopical indices are more widely available, while comprehensive ones are rare. I argue that policymakers need to promote comprehensive indices over monotopical indices. Finally, I present a conceptual definition of the digital divide and a framework for developing a comprehensive index to measure it.     

公共科研机构绩效评价的指标与方法

本文以科学技术部颁布的《科学技术评价办法》(试行)为依据,参照STI评价指标体系,结合中国科学院研究所评价实践,借助系统分析方法,构建了公共科研机构绩效评价指标体系,并提出用The il不均衡指数确定指标权重,采用优属度矢量模型对公共科研机构进行绩效评价的量化方法。     

量化数字人文综述

数字人文对多样化研究内容、语言和学者的包容性,使其在近20年得到突飞猛进的壮大,并逐渐涉及人文学、社会学、计算机科学等多个领域。然而,包容的“大帐篷”不仅在一定程度上限制了对数字人文具体学科内容、科研范畴、学者群体和学科历史的理解,也使得学科成长和拓展缺少客观数据和理论的支持,从而无法健康且可持续地发展。文章回顾前人对数字人文所做的学科研究,重点集中在使用计量和统计等方法来揭示数字人文的知识结构、内容演变、合作模式和学者背景等工作上,以期帮助学界从量化的角度认识数字人文的形成、发展和前景。     

Deep Participation in Underserved Communities: A Quantitative Analysis of Hearken’s Model for Engagement Journalism

ABSTRACT

Hearken is a proprietary news engagement platform growing in popularity. Under the Hearken approach, audience members are invited to participate in the newsmaking process. Hearken strives to assist news organizations in providing local and hyperlocal content that meets audience needs and demands while preserving elements of the journalist’s role as gatekeeper. Hearken has also worked to help news organizations reach underrepresented populations with mixed results per its own anecdotal analyses. This study employs a quantitative content analysis comparing one year’s worth of coverage at four different local NPR affiliates in the United States to provide a breakdown of Hearken content versus traditional reporter-driven content in the following four categories: emphasis on hyperlocal coverage, story topic prevalence within local and hyperlocal coverage, emphasis on coverage of underrepresented communities, and story topic prevalence within coverage of underrepresented communities. Findings reveal listener-driven Hearken content favors hyperlocal news on lifestyle issues while reporter-driven stories emphasize state-level governance and politics as well as local crime. These indicate a stark contrast between the content audiences want and that which journalists tend to report. The nuanced normative implications, possibilities and limitations of Hearken’s model of “deep participation” are addressed in some detail.     

关于"交互研究"的定量、定性分析——虚拟学习社区中交互结构研究的必然性论证

交互问题从来都是远程教育研究的核心问题,随着虚拟学习社区的悄然显现,这一问题变的更加突出。本文在对国内外交互研究现状的定量和定性分析的基础上,提出了目前有关交互问题研究中存在的问题。笔者认为,虚拟学习社区交互系统本质上是个人造信息控制系统,虚拟学习社区中交互结构研究应该进一步研究交互的突破口。