BONAGE超声骨龄测试和X光拍摄两种骨龄检测方法的比较研究

通过判读手掌和手腕骨的X光成像图片来评价青少年骨龄是体育和医学界一直使用的传统方法,长期的实践应用已证明它是行之有效的。但为变革其固有的缺陷对新的评价方法的探索一直没有停止,其中以色列阳光公司研制的BoneAge超声骨龄检测仪利用定量超声原理来评价骨龄,已批量投入市场且已为国内部分省市的体育部门所采用。研究目的:对BoneAge超声检测方法和传统X光拍摄方法进行方法学比较分析,检验新方法的准确性和有效性,以维护骨龄检测的权威性和科学性。研究对象:5-17岁男女青少年322名。研究方法:(1)超声骨龄仪的可重复性试验(实验对象93名);(2)X光片判读结果与超声检测结果的比较。对223名男女青少年拍摄手掌(腕)骨进行X光拍摄后随即使用BonAge超声骨龄检测仪对同批对象进行手腕部超声扫描。将超声骨龄结果与两位专家对X光片盲式读片结果的平均值进行比较分析。研究结果:(1)对超声骨龄仪的可重复性实验结果表明,两次测试的骨龄均值无显著性差异且呈高度相关,提示该仪器总体稳定性良好;(2)对超声骨龄结果与X光骨龄均值比较的显示,无论是区分年龄段还是性别,两种评定结果之间均有较大的系统误差和随机误差,且这种误差随年龄段的增大而有所加大;对年龄段较高的人群,超声检测结果更易高估对象的骨发育程度;单因变量多因素方差分析表明,骨龄评价结果主要受到评定方法和年龄段因素的影响,而与性别因素关系不大;对超声骨龄和X光骨龄的相关程度和直线回归分析表明,尽管总体人群的两种评价结果存在高度相关,直线回归效果较好,但引入年龄段因素后,相关程度明显降低,回归效果较差,提示这两种方法之间不能相互替代。     

组织政治知觉的概念、结构与相关变量研究述评

在对组织政治知觉的概念进行梳理的基础上,阐述组织政治知觉的概念;总结国内外学者对组织政治知觉结构的不同看法,介绍组织政治知觉的测量工具;对组织政治知觉的前因变量、结果变量、中介变量和调节变量进行总结并提出以后的努力方向。     

Digital Module 16: Longitudinal Data Analysis

In this digital ITEMS module, Dr. Jeffrey Harring and Ms. Tessa Johnson introduce the linear mixed effects (LME) model as a flexible general framework for simultaneously modeling continuous repeated measures data with a scientifically defensible function that adequately summarizes both individual change as well as the average response. The module begins with a nontechnical overview of longitudinal data analyses drawing distinctions with cross-sectional analyses in terms of research questions to be addressed. Nuances of longitudinal designs, timing of measurements, and the real possibility of missing data are then discussed. The three interconnected components of the LME model—(1) a model for individual and mean response profiles, (2) a model to characterize the covariation among the time-specific residuals, and (3) a set of models that summarize the extent that individual coefficients vary—are discussed in the context of the set of activities comprising an analysis. Finally, they demonstrate how to estimate the linear mixed effects model within an open-source environment (R). The digital module contains sample R code, diagnostic quiz questions, hands-on activities in R, curated resources, and a glossary.     

Home advantage in speed skating: Evidence from individual data

Home advantage is a well-documented phenomenon in many sports. Home advantage has been shown to exist for team sports (soccer, hockey, football, baseball, basketball) and for countries organizing sports tournaments like the Olympics and World Cup Soccer. There is also some evidence for home advantage in some individual sports, but there is a much more limited literature. This paper addresses the issue of home advantage in speed skating. From a methodological point of view, it is difficult to identify home advantage, because skaters vary in their abilities and the conditions of tournaments vary. There is a small but significant home advantage using a generalized linear mixed model, with random effects for skaters and fixed effects for skating rinks and seasons. Even though the home advantage effect exists, it is very small when compared to variation in skating times due to differences of rinks and individual abilities.     

Effects of Method of Subject Selection (Volunteer vs Random) and Treatment Variable on Motor Performance

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to test for possible interaction effects between method of subject selection (volunteer vs random) and a selected treatment variable—verbal encouragement. The presence of such an interaction would suggest that generalizations regarding verbal encouragement could be made only to specific subject populations. Volunteer (n = 40) and randomly selected (n = 40) subjects were randomly assigned to either a verbal encouragement condition or to a control group with no verbal encouragement. Dependent variables were a tapping task and a leg lift task. It was predicted that volunteer subjects, due to their higher need for approval and greater desire to accommodate, would perform significantly better under the verbal encouragement condition than would the randomly selected subjects. Multivariate and univariate data analyses indicated that the prediction was supported on the tapping task (female subjects only) but not on the leg lift task. It was concluded, at least on certain tasks, that use of volunteer subjects may result in a selection bias × treatment interaction effect that could limit the generalizability of research results.     

液压泵零流量压力急增故障的分析与排除

针对液压泵在试验中成批出现零流量压力急剧增大的故障现象,从液压泵的工作原理出发对其进行分析,找到了故障原因,并采取了相应的措施,使故障有效排除,从根本上解决了生产中的疑难问题.     

变量的选取对回归直线的影响

从理论上证明了一元线性回归中选取不同的变量时，所得两条回归直线的关系。讨论了两直线夹角的正切。     

基于高光谱遥感特征参数的樟树幼林叶绿素a含量估算模型

以ASD公司生产的手持式野外光谱辐射仪测量樟树幼林的冠层光谱,同时对观测叶片进行叶绿素a含量的测定。利用统计相关分析法,分析了高光谱遥感特征参数与叶绿素a含量的相关关系,在此基础上建立了高光谱遥感特征参数的樟树幼林叶绿素a含量估算模型,并对模型进行了精度检验。结果表明:樟树幼林叶绿素a含量与Db、Rg、Rg/Ro、(Rg-Ro)/(Rg Ro)之间的相关系数达到了0.01极显著性检验水平;建立它们与叶绿素a含量的估算模型,通过精度检验,选择出最适合叶绿素a含量估算的高光谱模型:y=exp[1.027 (-348.942)×Db]。     

从变质量物体的运动谈起

牛顿运动定律以及由牛顿第二定律推导出的动量定理、动量矩定理、动能定理,只适用于宏观低速的情况下,而且在运动的过程中,物体的质量是恒定不变的。然而在宏观低速的情况下,我们会遇到许多变质量物体运动的问题,在此情况下,牛顿运动定律以及由此推导出的三条基本定理将要做一定的修改,其表达式是不一样的。     

一种新的径向导热界面参数插值格式

以变系数径向导热问题为研究对象,由傅里叶导热定律提出了较之文献更为合理的热导计算方法.根据流的相容性原理分别推导得出极坐标、柱坐标和球坐标系下新的界面半径和界面导热系数插值格式.通过几个变系数和非线性导热问题对插值格式进行考核,并与文献中的插值格式进行对比.结果表明,推导的格式充分考虑了变截面和变物性的综合影响,对于非线性和变系数导热问题能得到更精确的结果.