评太平天国的职官制度

太平天国职官制度的设计在没有现成蓝本的情况下，独创了一套前无古人、后无来的体系，集中体现了中国农民的智慧。其政权体制从草创而逐步健全，其职官体系由起初的军事建制而逐步丰富，逐渐形成了中央官制和地方官制，设立了宫室官员和朝廷官员、官和武官，职位和品阶得到健全。太平天国职官制度的发展也完全遵循着历史发展的规律。太平天国前后期始终保持着清晰的官阶体系，后期职官体系的膨胀是权力斗争的产物，虽冗繁而不乱。作为农民小生产，能创建出如此工程浩大的上层建筑，这才真正是历代农民起义的最高峰。对其创举应给予充分的肯定。     

基于ESI和一级学科评估的高水平基础学科发展研究——以物理学科为例

以物理学科为例,基于ESI数据库最新统计资料并结合2012年全国一级学科评估结果,详细阐述了物理等基础学科的发展现状,并就我校建设一流基础学科存在的优势和亟需解决的问题做了初步探讨。     

The use of head-to-head records for breaking ties in round-robin soccer contests

Head-to-head records are often used in round-robin contests for breaking ties between athletes or teams that are equal on points or wins. In this paper, I argue, on the one hand, that tie-breaking systems of round-robin soccer contests should give more importance to overall goal difference than to head-to-head records. On the other hand, I also argue that even the mere inclusion of head-to-head records in the tie-breaking criteria of a round-robin soccer contest is problematic.     

Play – a multi-modal manifestation in kindergarten education in China

Play, as an educational concept, has entered many kindergartens in China; yet it has not become a core idea, or been prioritised in the teaching and learning process. An ongoing trans-provincial study started in 2008, using observation, interviews and document analyses. Based on findings from nine kindergartens in three provinces, this article illustrates how the concept of play is perceived and manifested in kindergartens located in three cities across China. It is suggested that there is a certain relationship between the rank and the status of play in a kindergarten, which may offer a systematic way to better understand how the concept of play is represented in Chinese kindergartens. Evidence also shows that the play concept has influenced Chinese educational ideas and pedagogy at certain levels but without changing the fundamental Chinese ideas of a play and learning relationship. Explanations for the phenomena observed, such as ranking versus forms of manifestation will be suggested.     

An analysis of mobility in global rankings: making institutional strategic plans and positioning for building world-class universities

Since the start of the twenty-first century, university rankings have become internationalized. Global rankings have a variety of uses, levels of popularity and rationales and they are here to stay. An examination of the results of the current global ranking reveals that well-reputed world-class universities are amongst the top ranked ones. A major concern for university administrators in many parts of the world is how to use the global rankings wisely in their mid-term and long-term strategic planning for building their institutions into world-class universities. Four major global rankings have been developed: the Academic Ranking of World Universities, the World University Rankings, the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities and the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the most influential indicators in these global university rankings that will affect the rank mobility of an institution. Based on an analysis of correlation coefficients and K-means clustering, a model of strategic institutional planning for building a world-class university is proposed.     

企业声誉测评研究综述

企业声誉是企业持续竞争优势的重要来源,对其准确测评是全面判断企业声誉水平的前提,而科学的定义则是企业声誉测评的基础。本文试图通过整理现有国外相关研究文献,进一步明确企业声誉的内涵,并在此基础上,对目前国外声誉评价最具影响力的两种测评方法即提名法和排名法进行梳理,分析这两种方法的操作过程、优劣势和应用情况。本文发现,关注"情境"因素、注重消费者群体在声誉测评中的作用,将有助于企业声誉测评的改进,而开发适宜中小企业的声誉评价体系将更具现实意义。     

Improving educational web search for question-like queries through subject classification

Students use general web search engines as their primary source of research while trying to find answers to school-related questions. Although search engines are highly relevant for the general population, they may return results that are out of educational context. Another rising trend; social community question answering websites are the second choice for students who try to get answers from other peers online. We attempt discovering possible improvements in educational search by leveraging both of these information sources. For this purpose, we first implement a classifier for educational questions. This classifier is built by an ensemble method that employs several regular learning algorithms and retrieval based approaches that utilize external resources. We also build a query expander to facilitate classification. We further improve the classification using search engine results and obtain 83.5% accuracy. Although our work is entirely based on the Turkish language, the features could easily be mapped to other languages as well. In order to find out whether search engine ranking can be improved in the education domain using the classification model, we collect and label a set of query results retrieved from a general web search engine. We propose five ad-hoc methods to improve search ranking based on the idea that the query-document category relation is an indicator of relevance. We evaluate these methods for overall performance, varying query length and based on factoid and non-factoid queries. We show that some of the methods significantly improve the rankings in the education domain.     

Exploring criteria for successful query expansion in the genomic domain

Query Expansion is commonly used in Information Retrieval to overcome vocabulary mismatch issues, such as synonymy between the original query terms and a relevant document. In general, query expansion experiments exhibit mixed results. Overall TREC Genomics Track results are also mixed; however, results from the top performing systems provide strong evidence supporting the need for expansion. In this paper, we examine the conditions necessary for optimal query expansion performance with respect to two system design issues: IR framework and knowledge source used for expansion. We present a query expansion framework that improves Okapi baseline passage MAP performance by 185%. Using this framework, we compare and contrast the effectiveness of a variety of biomedical knowledge sources used by TREC 2006 Genomics Track participants for expansion. Based on the outcome of these experiments, we discuss the success factors required for effective query expansion with respect to various sources of term expansion, such as corpus-based cooccurrence statistics, pseudo-relevance feedback methods, and domain-specific and domain-independent ontologies and databases. Our results show that choice of document ranking algorithm is the most important factor affecting retrieval performance on this dataset. In addition, when an appropriate ranking algorithm is used, we find that query expansion with domain-specific knowledge sources provides an equally substantive gain in performance over a baseline system.

科学搜索引擎Scirus的工作流程初探

随着信息技术的飞速发展和信息量的快速增长,人们面对的是浩如烟海的信息,如果没有搜索引擎的帮助,要想从中获得自己所需要的信息并非易事,特别是对于科学的、专业领域信息的搜索更是如此。Scirus正是迎合了这一信息需求,作为一个科学搜索引擎出现了。Scirus凭着优秀的搜索表现,连续三年被“搜索引擎观察”评为最佳专业搜索引擎。文章介绍了科学搜索引擎Scirus的倒金字塔结构的工作流程以及对“相似结果”的处理原理。     

秘书工作中的位次排列礼仪

在秘书工作中,经常有各种各样的活动需要讲究位次排列礼仪。位次是否规范,是否符合礼仪的要求,不仅反映出对交往对象的尊重和友善程度,也反映出秘书人员自身的素养、阅历和见识。所以秘书人员必须掌握位次排列礼仪。本文就行进、乘坐电梯、会客、谈判、签字仪式、会议、宴请等场合中的位次排列规则一一做了介绍。