Efficacy of massage on muscle soreness,perceived recovery,physiological restoration and physical performance in male bodybuilders

It is believed that sport massage after intensive exercise might improve power and perceptual recovery in athletes. However, few studies have been done in this area. This study aimed to examine the effect of massage on the performance of bodybuilders. Thirty experienced male bodybuilders were randomly assigned to either a massage group (n = 15) or a control group (n = 15). Both groups performed five repetition sets at 75–77% of 1RM of knee extensor and flexor muscle groups. The massage group then received a 30-min massage after the exercise protocol while the control group maintained their normal passive recovery. Criteria under investigation included: plasma creatine kinase (CK) level, agility test, vertical jump test, isometric torque test, and perception of soreness. All variables were measured over 6 time periods: baseline, immediately after the DOMS inducing protocol, right after the massage, and 24, 48, and 72 h after the massage. Both groups showed significant (P < .001) decreases in jumping, agility performance, and isometric torque, but significant (P < .001) increases in CK and muscle soreness levels. The massage group in general demonstrated a better recovery rate. As such, a post-exercise massage session can improve the exercise performance and recovery rate in male bodybuilders after intensive exercise.     

High-intensity efforts in elite soccer matches and associated movement patterns,technical skills and tactical actions. Information for position-specific training drills

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to translate movement patterns, technical skills and tactical actions associated with high-intensity efforts into metrics that could potentially be used to construct position-specific conditioning drills. A total of 20 individual English Premier League players’ high-intensity running profiles were observed multiple times (n = 100) using a computerised tracking system. Data were analysed using a novel high-intensity movement programme across five positions (centre back [CB], full-back [FB], central midfielder [CM], wide midfielder [WM] and centre forward [CF]). High-intensity efforts in contact with the ball and the average speed of efforts were greater in WMs than CBs, CMs and CFs (effect sizes [ES]: 0.9–2.1, P < 0.05). WMs produced more repeated efforts than CBs and CMs (ES: 0.6–1.3, P < 0.05). In possession, WMs executed more tricks post effort than CBs and CMs (ES: 1.2–1.3, P < 0.01). FBs and WMs performed more crosses post effort than other positions (ES: 1.1–2.0, P < 0.01). Out of possession, CFs completed more efforts closing down the opposition (ES: 1.4–5.0, P < 0.01) but less tracking opposition runners than other positions (ES: 1.5–1.8, P < 0.01). CFs performed more arc runs before efforts compared to CBs, FBs and WMs (ES: 0.9–1.4, P < 0.05), however, CBs completed more 0–90° turns compared to FBs, CMs and WMs (ES: 0.9–1.1, P < 0.01). The data demonstrate unique high-intensity trends in and out of possession that could assist practitioners when devising position-specific drills.     

6周功能性力量训练对优秀女子赛艇运动员身体功能性动作的影响

目的：通过对备战2016年里约奥运会的国家赛艇队12名公开级女子双桨组运动员6周功能性力量训练前后功能动作筛查测试（FMS）成绩进行动作质量的比较，探讨功能性力量训练对运动员身体功能动作质量的影响，以便为今后备战比赛过程中制定提高运动员动作质量和运动技巧的功能性力量训练计划提供参考；方法：选取12名优秀女子赛艇运动员为研究对象，对研究对象在云南会泽高原训练基地训练期间进行6周功能性力量训练干预，并在实验前后对运动员FMS 测试的7个评价身体功能动作的得分进行比较；结果：6周功能性力量训练后，运动员各指标得分平均提高为深蹲0.7分、跨栏架步1.3分、直线弓箭步0.9分和躯干稳定性俯卧撑1.1分，4个动作得分较实验前都显著提高（P<0.05），而肩关节灵活性、主动直膝抬腿、旋转稳定性3个动作的得分较实验前无显著差异（P＞0.05）；结论：6周的功能性力量训练有效地改善了运动员做深蹲、跨栏架步、直线弓箭步和躯干稳定性俯卧撑功能动作等的动作模式，表明采用的功能性力量训练计划科学合理，可为今后备战比赛过程中运动员功能性力量训练计划的制定提供参考。     

对提高运动训练科学化水平的思考

从运动训练理论的建立、运动训练的控制、心理训练和心理调控、“大负荷”运动训练、运动训练方法的应用、运动技术的创新等几个方面阐述了它们对提高运动训练科学化水平的作用，认识到只有不断的创新，才能使运动训练更加合理化、科学化，才能使运动员创造出更好的运动成绩。     

江苏省部分县级业余体校教练员成就动机的调查与分析

采用问卷调查法、访谈法、文献资料法等研究方法，对江苏省县级业余体校部分教练员的成就动机情况进行调查与分析，认为县级体校教练员有着较强的事业心，以高层次需要为主，但对业余训练工作意义的认识不足，提出完善教练员激励机制、调整县级业余训练发展战略等建议。     

GM(1,h)系统状态模型在田径训练中的应用

将多因素整体状态GM（1，h)模型及其特列GM（1，1）模型结合起来，用于高水平田径训练的建模问题研究，使建立的系统模型既能反映系统内部多因素的整体关系，又能满足超前预测和规划的需要，旨为田径训练提供了一种有效的科学方法。     

提高短跑运动员技术水平应注意的问题

在短跑训练中，普通存在的问题是：摆动腿后摆折叠不充分；摆动力量差；没有缓冲动作。因此，教练员必须把握目前短跑技术结构的发展规律，明确训练方向，并施之有效的训练手段，以达到提高短跑运动水平的目的。     

论女子赛艇运动的训练问题

由于赛艇男、女运动员在解剖、生理和心理特点上存在着很大差异，必须结合女子的特点进行科学地训练。本对女子赛艇运动员的力量训练、专项训练、月经期训练、饮食习惯、思想工作等问题进行了分析研究。     

体育学院运动训练专业竞技方向教务管理改革及学分制体系研究

通过分析学分制管理的功能特征、运动训练专业办学特点，寻索运动训练专业竞技方向的办学与学分制管理的衔接点，结果认为：与其它学科比较，运动训练专业竞技方向的办学更适合采用学分制管理。     

我国艺术体操基础训练若干理论问题的探讨

以文献资料、专家访谈等为主要研究手段，在对1992年苏联解体之前公布的训练大纲和1999年乌克兰的综合训练大纲有关基础训练理论的比较研究的基础上，针对我国艺术体操基础训练理论的研究现状，对界定我国艺术，体操基础训练有关概念作了较深入的探寻。