解读《钟形罩》中埃斯特·格林伍德的“理性疯癫”

《钟形罩》是美国自白派女诗人西尔维娅.普拉斯创作的唯一一部长篇小说。长期以来,众多学者用女性主义的视角来解读主人公埃斯特.格林伍德的形象,认为小说记录了埃斯特从自我疏离到疯癫,直至重建真实自我的心路历程。然而埃斯特是否真正疯癫却没有受到应有的关注。文章将从父权社会的压制和女性榜样的缺失两个层面来分析埃斯特精神崩溃的原因,从而揭示她的疯癫只是父权文化给予的标签,并不是其精神状态的真实反映。这种所谓的＂疯癫＂是20世纪50年代觉醒的美国女性对性别政治的反抗形式,是一种充满反叛精神的＂理性疯癫＂。     

面向用户需求分析的产品评论用例提取研究

[目的/意义]实现海量产品评论数据的快速分析,帮助产品设计人员高效地获取用户需求,在新产品设计的决策中提供参考。[方法/过程]在特征提取和情感分析的基础上,构造了包括"词+词性+词干+位置+依存关系"等节点特征的条件随机场模型,按照"产品特征、谁、在何种情境下、遇到了什么问题"4个要素,以描述手机屏幕和电池的负面评论为例,从产品评论中提取用例。[结果/结论]模型评估和实证研究表明,所构造的模型可以有效地从评论文本中识别产品特征、使用主体、使用情景和遇到的问题,从而快速构造用例,获取用户需求。     

互联网环境下国外健康信息替代搜索研究的回顾与展望

[目的/意义]健康信息搜索对改善人们的健康水平具有重要作用。近年来由非医学专业人士辅助他人搜索健康信息的现象受到了学者的关注,对这一现象的研究将有助于弥合数字不平等对人们健康信息获取造成的差异。[方法/过程]以国外已有的相关研究成果为基础,梳理健康信息替代搜索的概念内涵和理论基础,并从现有文献的研究方法、影响因素和行为特征三个方面对健康信息替代搜索的知识体系进行分析,最后从理论研究和实践探索两个维度进行前沿展望。[结果/结论]研究发现,国外现有的健康信息替代搜索大多局限于现象层面的分析,对主体参与动机、信息交换过程和效果机制的研究都不够深入,我国图书情报领域的学者在这一研究方向上有进一步探索的空间。     

IT engagement as a blessing and a curse? Examining its antecedents and outcomes in organizations

Information technology (IT) engagement is defined as a need to spend more time using IT. Practice-based examples show that IT engagement can have adverse effects in organizations. Although users can potentially get more work done through IT engagement, observations show that the users might jeopardize their well-being and hamper their work performance. We aimed to investigate this complexity in the research on IT engagement by examining its potential antecedents and outcomes in organizations. Considering the potentially mixed outcomes, we developed a model to examine the effects of IT engagement on personal productivity and strain. We also aimed to explain the antecedents of IT engagement by drawing on the collective expectations for IT use. In particular, we examined the extent to which normative pressure on IT use drives users’ information load and IT engagement. Finally, we sought to understand whether users’ attempts to avert dependency on IT use reduced their IT engagement. Several hypotheses were developed and tested with survey data of 1091 organizational IT users. The findings help explain the role of normative pressure as a key driver of IT engagement and validate the positive and negative outcomes of IT engagement in organizations.     

If you Build it,They Won’t Come: What Motivates Employees to Create and Share Tagged Content: A Theoretical Model and Empirical Validation

The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors influencing employees’ knowledge-sharing behavior on social tagging supported systems. Using the strong theoretical background of the well-known technology acceptance model (TAM), this paper proposes and empirically validates a model that fits the social and technical nature of social tagging tools within the public sector. The analyses in this paper were based on data collected from a large survey of more than 480 respondents working for two public organizations in the United States. The findings demonstrate a significant impact of the role of social presence in encouraging employees to create and share content. Further, there is a strong relationship between the benefits employees receive from using tagging tools and their creation and sharing of tagged content. Specifically, the following factors showed a significant impact on employees’ creation and sharing behavior, specifically their attitudes towards and intentions to create and share tags: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, social presence, and pro-sharing norms. For researchers, the paper offers an opportunity to further study knowledge-sharing behavior regarding social media technologies. The findings should motivate practitioners to inject these tools with a social aspect so that employees are encouraged to share content.     

美国高等教育分流的经验及对中国的启示

美国高等教育分流实现了既普遍入学,又促进优秀.比较中美两国的异同,借鉴美国高等教育分流的成功经验,对于实现我国高等教育的科学发展具有重要现实意义.     

交叉双尖窄状多重温室与太阳能热利用

将日光温室进一步改造为内部成交叉双尖窄状的多重温室,使尖窄状内温度更高,从而使置于尖窄状内的太阳能集热器的热效率更高,达90%左右,并将这种特殊结构的温室安装在建筑物窗户外面下端的墙壁上,而热水箱则放于室内,并用软管与集热器相连通,就构成一种窗户型太阳能热利用装置.从而"将多重温室太阳能与建筑相结合,并且使用方式从房顶转向窗户",是一条新的技术路线.     

论李贽的人才观

李贽是我国古代一位杰出的思想家,他的思想对后世产生过重要影响.李贽对人才的标准、识人、用人等几个方面都有论述,他将"总足办事"作为衡量人才的主要标准.他不拘一格选用人才的思想有其合理性,对今天识人、用人仍不失参考价值.     

Evaluation of adverse drug reaction formatting in drug information mobile phone applications

Objective:To evaluate the differences in presentation (formatting) of adverse drug reaction (ADR) information within drug monographs in commonly used drug information (DI) mobile device applications.Methods:A cross-sectional analysis of ADR formatting of twenty commonly prescribed oral medications within seven DI mobile applications was performed. Databases were assessed for ADR information, including presence of placebo comparisons, severity of ADR, onset of ADR, formatting of ADRs in percentile (quantitative) format or qualitative format, whether references were used to cite information, and whether ADRs are grouped by organ system. Data was collected by two study investigators and discrepancies were resolved via consensus.Results:The seven DI mobile applications varied significantly on every analyzed ADR variable with the exception of ADR onset, which was absent in all databases. Significant differences were found for variables known to impact clinical judgment such as placebo comparisons and qualitative versus quantitative formatting. Placebo comparisons were most common among monographs in Lexicomp (30%) but were absent among monographs within other applications. Quantitative information was commonly used in most databases but was absent in Epocrates. Qualitative formatting was present in all Epocrates and Micromedex applications but absent in the majority of other applications. Substantial variations were also found in severity and grouping information.Conclusion:Substantial variation in ADR formatting exists among the most common DI mobile applications. These differences may translate into alternative interpretations of medical information and thus impact clinical judgment. Health care librarians and clinicians should consider ADR formatting when choosing between DI applications.     

海外华人的语言生活与华文教学的内容、方法和目标

海外华人的语言生活尤其是其中的方言因素对华文教学之内容、方法与目标产生直接的影响。在确立华文教学之内容、方法与目标时,应对海外华人的语言生活予以足够的重视,不仅要从世界汉语教学大趋势的角度考虑,也要兼顾华人社会沟通的需要、历史文化传承的需要,并遵循语言发展与传播的基本规律。