从朱熹到王阳明:理性自觉原则向意志自愿原则的转换

为了论证传统道德的合理性和权威性,朱熹首先设定与论证了形上之理(本体)。朱熹学说通过强化理性自觉原则,完善了传统道德的理论体系,树立了传统道德的绝对权威,但是,其绝对化倾向又不可避免地导致传统道德的僵化和异化,使之失去了内在的生机和活力。作为朱熹学说的反动,王阳明心学力矫朱学之弊,通过“心即理”说和“良知”说,强化了意志自愿原则,突出了人的道德主体性和意志自由,把外在天理内化为人的内心情感和良知自律,从而圆通地解决了朱学的理论缺陷。但是,王学自身也隐含着理论危险,这种倾向在王门后学那里变为现实。总之,从朱熹到王阳明,经历了从理性自觉原则向意志自愿原则的理论转换。     

对话教学的课堂设计：理念与原则

对话教学的课堂设计是为课堂中的对话教学活动制定蓝图的过程。课堂设计的基本理念是:面向生活世界,让教学与生活融为一体;舒展学生个性,让想象与创造成为课堂的主旋律;学会沟通和分享,让互动与合作充盈着教学肌体。在这些理念的引领下,对话教学的课堂设计应坚持问题导引、尊重差异、贴近生活、关注生成四项主要原则。     

Identifying families with complex needs after an initial child abuse investigation: A comparison of demographics and needs related to domestic violence,mental health,and substance use

Families with complex needs related to domestic violence, mental health, and substance use have some of the worst child protective services (CPS) outcomes. Although many of these families are identified during a CPS investigation and subsequently referred to home-based postinvestigation services (HBPS), many are re-reported to CPS, so it is important to understand the postinvestigation experiences of this vulnerable group. Therefore, this study compared families with and without complex needs to understand their uniquedemographics, needs, and postinvestigation outcomes.The sample consisted of 2008 caregivers who received HBPS following an initial CPS investigation. The Family Assessment Form (FAF) was used to measure family functioning in eight domains using a 1–5 scale with higher ratings representing worse functioning. Complex needs were indicated by a mean FAF score of 3 or higher for either domestic violence, mental health, or substance use. Using Pearson chi-square analyses and two-sample t-tests, comparisons were made between families with (n = 836) and without (n = 1172) complex needs. Half of caregivers with complex needs had a history of abuse, 25% had three to five needs, and nearly half had six to eight needs; 90% of caregivers without complex needs had zero to two needs. Furthermore, caregivers with complex needs had higher mean scores for concrete, educational, and clinical needs. These findings highlight the importance of recognizing variation among families referred to HBPS and accurate screening to ensure that families with complex needs are offered and receive services matched to their unique characteristics and needs.     

基于Rankine理论的挡土墙卸荷台合理位置的研究

利用朗肯土压力理论,通过对最小倾覆力矩和最小土压力的求解,得出了挡土墙卸荷台的合理位置:在距填土表面的垂直距离为墙高的1/3～1/2范围内。     

构皮滩水电站下游RCC围堰混凝土施工中的入仓方案

构皮滩水电站下游RCC围堰混凝土施工具有工期紧、强度大、施工质量要求高等特点。在充分考虑了施工现场的地形地貌基础上,采用自卸车直接入仓方案,通过对入仓道路及入仓口合理设计与施工,确保了混凝土顺利连续浇注,并且施工质量符合设计要求。     

我国技术产权交易市场的形成及功能研究

技术产权交易市场是近年来在全国各地涌现的集技术交易、产权交易以及资本市场诸多功能于一身的新型交易市场。这种创新型市场主要通过对原来技术交易市场、产权交易市场的创新以及重新设立等形式而产生。理论和实践表明,技术产权交易这一创新交易模式具备高效资源配置、理性投资、价值发现、完善风险投资体系等功能。     

Optimization and Its Alternative in Media Choice: A Model of Reliance on Social-Influence Processes

In the reconciliation of rational-choice and social-influence approaches to media choice offered here, the choice process is decomposed into two subprocesses. In the first subprocess—that of rational choice—decisional ambiguity frustrates complete optimization. Optimization is partial, yielding a set of effectively interchangeable media alternatives over which the user is indecisive. In the second subprocess—that of social influence—imitation, deference, and other cues act on the set of interchangeables, yielding a single ultimate choice. If in the social-influence subprocess there are benefits to coordinating with others, group choice crystallizes around a single media alternative. If these benefits are absent, individual choice remains idiosyncratic, with each decision maker making random choices within the set of interchangeables. In organizational life, media choice transpires sequentially, with each choice conditioning a succeeding one. In its dynamic form, the present model explicitly incorporates such sequential environments: The twofold choice process transpires iteratively within individual decision sites (in the multiple purchasing decisions of a committee, for example) and sequentially across decision sites (from committee to individual, for example). The model generates considerable empirical implications. As decisional ambiguity grows, the rational-choice component of the choice process shrinks, implying upper-bound conditions for the explanatory power of rational-choice statistical models.     

试析「見過ごす」与「見逃す」的语义异同

「見過ごす」「見逃す」语义相似:「見過ごす」有①看漏、错过,②不过问,③宽恕的语义,「見逃す」有①看漏、错过,②放走,③宽恕的语义.围绕该语义,从它们所接的对象语以及与相关句型的搭配使用来揭示其不同的语义特征.即:「見過こす」倾向从感性角度看问题,体现了对人、物的漠不关心、轻视的消极态度;而「見逃す」倾向从理性角度看问...     

普通高校开展“阳光体育运动”的理性思考

本文在已有研究的基础上,综合运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、调查法等科学研究方法,对高校＂阳光体育运动＂的开展情况进行仔细分析,对实施过程中存在的突出问题进行分析,有针对性地提出相应对策,为今后明确高校体育工作方向,促进高校＂阳光体育运动＂广泛开展提供参考和帮助。     

甘蔗糖蜜酒精生产中的废水治理——粗馏残液中悬浮固相的成份、来源及利用

酒精粗馏残液中含有一部分固相悬浮物,将残液进行固液分离,并分别加以利用和治理,也许是酒精粗馏残液治理的一条有效途径。本文对残液中固相悬浮物的化学成分及来源进行了分析和阐述,并提出将分离后得到的固相沉淀物直接用作水泥缓凝剂或农作物的间接肥料。