Evaluation of adverse drug reaction formatting in drug information mobile phone applications

Objective:To evaluate the differences in presentation (formatting) of adverse drug reaction (ADR) information within drug monographs in commonly used drug information (DI) mobile device applications.Methods:A cross-sectional analysis of ADR formatting of twenty commonly prescribed oral medications within seven DI mobile applications was performed. Databases were assessed for ADR information, including presence of placebo comparisons, severity of ADR, onset of ADR, formatting of ADRs in percentile (quantitative) format or qualitative format, whether references were used to cite information, and whether ADRs are grouped by organ system. Data was collected by two study investigators and discrepancies were resolved via consensus.Results:The seven DI mobile applications varied significantly on every analyzed ADR variable with the exception of ADR onset, which was absent in all databases. Significant differences were found for variables known to impact clinical judgment such as placebo comparisons and qualitative versus quantitative formatting. Placebo comparisons were most common among monographs in Lexicomp (30%) but were absent among monographs within other applications. Quantitative information was commonly used in most databases but was absent in Epocrates. Qualitative formatting was present in all Epocrates and Micromedex applications but absent in the majority of other applications. Substantial variations were also found in severity and grouping information.Conclusion:Substantial variation in ADR formatting exists among the most common DI mobile applications. These differences may translate into alternative interpretations of medical information and thus impact clinical judgment. Health care librarians and clinicians should consider ADR formatting when choosing between DI applications.     

基于正交设计葡萄废弃物基生物活化炭的制备及其吸附性能

以葡萄皮为原材料,用限氧热解法制备生物炭.通过设计3因素3水平的正交实验,选择出最佳的活化条件进行活化,得到活化生物炭用于吸附实验.考察反应物初始浓度、反应温度和接触时间对吸附的影响规律,并进行分析.由动力学拟合结果,可以得出葡萄皮基生物炭对甲基橙的吸附过程用准二级动力学方程较好拟合,说明生物炭对甲基橙的吸附不是单一的...     

固定化脂肪酶合成蔗糖月桂酸酯的研究

以固定化脂肪酶为催化剂,以DMSO/叔丁醇有机溶剂为反应体系,在室温条件下催化合成蔗糖酯。研究表明:月桂酸与蔗糖的摩尔比为大于8,反应温度为30℃,脂肪酶用量为0.3g,缓冲液的pH值为7.5,反应6h时,酯化反应的相对转化率较高。反应产物的薄层色谱和红外光谱分析结果证实所合成的产物为蔗糖月桂酸酯。     

2-（4-甲硫苯氧基）-5-芳基亚甲基-4H-咪唑啉-4-酮衍生物的合成及杀菌活性

研究了应用烯基膦亚胺1与间氯苯基异氰酸酯、对甲硫苯酚的串联aza-Wittig反应,来合成2-(4-甲硫基苯氧基)-5-芳基亚甲基-4H-咪唑啉-4-酮衍生物3的方法.探讨了反应进行的条件和产物的波谱性质,提出了可能的环化反应机理.生成的环化产物均为新的化合物,其结构经元素分析、IR、~1HNMR和MS确正.并探讨了所合成的新型杂环化合物的生物活性,结果表明部分化合物表现出良好的抑菌活性,其中以3e及3f活性最好,在质量分数5×10~(-5)时,对水稻纹枯菌和苹果轮纹菌的抑制率均达到85％～95％的A级水平.     

MINRES法和有限元法解奇摄动反应扩散方程

讨论奇摄动反应扩散方程 的数值逼近求解问题, 及 均为正实数. 利用有限元方法并结合最小残量法, 给出求解该问题的一个新方 法, 该方法修正了单纯采用有限元方法求解时在边界附近呈现出的非正常扰动的 现象, 避免了因为 过小所引起的解的变异, 从而得到更加精确的数值结果.     

环庚三烯酮与邻二甲氧基苯在浓硫酸作用下的缩合重排反应机理

环庚三烯酮易发生环加成反应,偶尔有烯烃键上的取代反应.关于二甲氧基苯,多年来的主要关注点是其与不同醛或酮在强酸作用下的缩合反应,但多局限在芳基醛或饱和脂肪醛酮.本研究尝试多共轭不饱和酮与邻二甲氧基苯的缩合反应.结果发现在浓硫酸作用下环庚三烯酮不仅可以发生脱水缩合反应,更有趣的是环庚三烯酮在强酸及二甲氧基苯协同作用下可以发生重排缩环反应,由七元环收缩成六元芳香环.     

我国开放式运动技能研究现状及展望

运用文献资料法对近年来我国开放式运动技能研究的相关文献进行整理分析.指出,开放式运动技能研究在我国起步晚、重视程度不高,实践研究水平跟不上理论研究水平;理论研究主要以心理学和生理学为研究角度;实验研究主要集中在篮、网、足等少数项目,研究的深度、专门性和针对性都不够,评价系统不完善.认为,未来研究将深入竞技体育、学校体育、群众体育中,针对不同训练对象、不同训练目的对具体项目的训练原则、方法、手段及评价体系进行研究.     

Kinematic and kinetic analysis of overhand,sidearm and underhand lacrosse shot techniques

Lacrosse requires the coordinated performance of many complex skills. One of these skills is shooting on the opponents’ net using one of three techniques: overhand, sidearm or underhand. The purpose of this study was to (i) determine which technique generated the highest ball velocity and greatest shot accuracy and (ii) identify kinematic and kinetic variables that contribute to a high velocity and high accuracy shot. Twelve elite male lacrosse players participated in this study. Kinematic data were sampled at 250 Hz, while two-dimensional force plates collected ground reaction force data (1000 Hz). Statistical analysis showed significantly greater ball velocity for the sidearm technique than overhand (P < 0.001) and underhand (P < 0.001) techniques. No statistical difference was found for shot accuracy (P > 0.05). Kinematic and kinetic variables were not significantly correlated to shot accuracy or velocity across all shot types; however, when analysed independently, the lead foot horizontal impulse showed a negative correlation with underhand ball velocity (P = 0.042). This study identifies the technique with the highest ball velocity, defines kinematic and kinetic predictors related to ball velocity and provides information to coaches and athletes concerned with improving lacrosse shot performance.     

影响男子排球运动员扣球起跳动作效果的 动力学研究

目的:研究男子排球运动员扣球起跳蹬地动作过程中,人体下肢的相关力学参数特征.对象:男子大学生排球运动员10名.方法:使用高速人体动作捕捉系统及三维测力台,对相关运动学和动力学参数进行采集.结果:①起跳过程中,地面反作用力峰值和均值均为优势腿大于非优势腿;②非优势腿地面反作用力峰值与重心最大高度呈高度负相关(r=-0.961,P=0.002＜0.05);③双脚同时着地过程中,优势腿地面反作用力冲量明显大于非优势腿,两脚地面反作用力冲量差与重心最大高度呈显著负相关(r=-0.531,P=0.034＜0.05).结论:①在后排起跳过程中,优势腿与非优势腿表现出不同的用力形式;②应当通过适当控制非优势腿在着地初期的制动作用,并在双脚最后用力阶段有意识地提高非优势腿的参与程度,以提高人体的起跳高度;③排球运动员髌腱炎的发病可能与踝关节绕矢状轴力矩和膝关节绕垂直轴力矩较大有关.     

Postural stability,clicker reaction time and bow draw force predict performance in elite recurve archery

Recurve archery is an Olympic sport that requires extreme precision, upper body strength and endurance. The purpose of this research was to quantify how postural stability variables both pre- and post-arrow release, draw force, flight time, arrow length and clicker reaction time, collectively, impacted on the performance or scoring outcomes in elite recurve archery athletes. Thirty-nine elite-level recurve archers (23 male and 16 female; mean age?=?24.7?±?7.3 years) from four different countries volunteered to participate in this study prior to competing at a World Cup event. An AMTI force platform (1000Hz) was used to obtain centre of pressure (COP) measurements 1s prior to arrow release and 0.5s post-arrow release. High-speed footage (200Hz) allowed for calculation of arrow flight time and score. Results identified clicker reaction time, draw force and maximum sway speed as the variables that best predicted shot performance. Specifically, reduced clicker reaction time, greater bow draw force and reduced postural sway speed post-arrow release were predictors of higher scoring shots. It is suggested that future research should focus on investigating shoulder muscle tremors at full draw in relation to clicker reaction time, and the effect of upper body strength interventions (specifically targeting the musculature around the shoulder girdle) on performance in recurve archers.