国外血液预警系统的构建及启示

与发达国家血液预警系统相比,我国血液预警系统还没有真正形成,程序亟待规范。应尽快完善输血不良反应报告制度的法律体系,规范献血行为和输血报告行为,加强医院临床和血液中心之间的联系,进行及时的信息沟通并健全信息库。     

A Macro–Micro–Symbolic Teaching to Promote Relational Understanding of Chemical Reactions

The purpose of this research is threefold: (1) to identify the difficulties that Grade 10 students in a Lebanese school have that hinder their conceptual understanding at the micro–macro–symbolic interface in chemistry, (2) to investigate the effect of a macro–micro–symbolic teaching approach on students’ relational understanding of chemical reactions, and (3) to characterize students’ conceptual profiles regarding their understanding of chemical reactions in terms of macro, micro, symbolic levels and the relations among them, at the end of the teaching sequence. Forty six 10th graders from two sections participated in the study. A student-centered approach was followed in both sections based on constructivist pedagogy. Hence the teacher played the role of a facilitator who guided students in a meaning making inductive learning process, through questioning, monitoring, validating, and clarifying ideas. Instruction in the experimental group was characterized by macro–micro–symbolic teaching that focuses on the interplay between the levels, integrates various representations, and engages students in an epistemic discourse about the nature of knowing in chemistry. Data sources for the study included a pre-test and two post-intervention tasks: a post-test and a concept map task, in addition to interviews with selected students from both sections. Findings indicated that macro–micro–symbolic teaching enhanced students’ conceptual understanding and relational learning of chemical reactions. Besides, four assertions related to students’ conceptual and epistemological thinking in response to the different teaching approaches are presented. Implications for instruction and for teacher education programs, as well as recommendations for further research, are discussed in light of these findings.     

Thermodynamic analysis and kinetic optimization of high-energy batteries based on multi-electron reactions

Multi-electron reaction can be regarded as an effective way of building high-energy systems (>500 W h kg⁻¹). However, some confusions hinder the development of multi-electron mechanisms, such as clear concept, complex reaction, material design and electrolyte optimization and full-cell fabrication. Therefore, this review discusses the basic theories and application bottlenecks of multi-electron mechanisms from the view of thermodynamic and dynamic principles. In future, high-energy batteries, metal anodes and multi-electron cathodes are promising electrode materials with high theoretical capacity and high output voltage. While the primary issue for the multi-electron transfer process is sluggish kinetics, which may be caused by multiple ionic migration, large ionic radius, high reaction energy barrier, low electron conductivity, poor structural stability, etc., it is urgent that feasible and versatile modification methods are summarized and new inspiration proposed in order to break through kinetic constraints. Finally, the remaining challenges and future research directions are revealed in detail, involving the search for high-energy systems, compatibility of full cells, cost control, etc.     

An investigation into the emotional reactions to inclusion of Ghanaian mainstream teachers

Literature is replete with evidence of considerable pressure that many mainstream teachers may experience in their bid to respond to the diverse needs of children with special educational needs and disabilities and to achieve ever better results. In this study, the results of 100 teachers from mainstream primary schools in three of the ten regions of Ghana were examined. The analysis involved five bi‐polar emotional reactions; namely: anxious/relaxed; encouraged/discouraged; confident/diffident; satisfied/dissatisfied; self‐assured/ worried. The results confirmed that in teaching children with SEN in the mainstream, teachers experienced psychological stress. On the basis of the findings, suggestions for more information about SEN, supply of resources and inter‐agency collaboration were made.     

抗感冒药的组方分析与合理用药

目的：探讨医药工作者如何正确引导患者选用抗感冒药,促进抗感冒药的临床合理应用。方法：查阅相关书籍、文献、说明书,结合实际工作经验,对抗感冒药的处方组成及各成分的药理作用、不良反应进行分析、归纳。结果：不同种类的抗感冒药所适应的症状不同。结论：人们应根据感冒症状、年龄、病理状况,慎重准确地选择抗感冒药,以达到安全、有效、经济、合理的用药目的。     

基于构建分类观的复习课设计研究

通过《化学反应的分类》一课的教学设计,介绍了使学生形成分类观的几步做法.认为分类观和分类思想可以通过化学基本观念的教学,在反复思考与实践的基础上逐步形成,并以此指导学生的行动和认识世界的方法.     

探讨格里格钢琴抒情小品对钢琴演奏中情感触觉训练的实用价值

钢琴演奏作为一门艺术,不仅仅需要训练有素的肢体演奏技巧,更重要的是对音乐作品内在情感的发掘和表现。本文以演奏中的情感触觉的重要性为核心,通过对格里格钢琴抒情小品的标题、音乐结构内容的分析,结合演奏者在阅读、学习这些作品时所能产生的情感领会、肢体以及听觉反应等方面的研究,探讨了在针对音乐情感触觉培养的训练中,格里格的这部音乐文献的实用价值。     

肝细胞移植研究进展

肝细胞移植可用于治疗肝衰竭及多种与肝脏相关的遗传性代谢缺陷疾病.它是实施肝脏导向体外基因治疗的工具,它作为肝移植的替代疗法,越来越受到人们重视,在国外临床试验已取得较理想的治疗效果.国内外肝细胞移植的研究进展可以从肝细胞来源、肝细胞移植方式、移植不良反应等4个方面来综述。     

积分绑架与应对策略——国际乒联T2钻石联赛冷思考

国际乒联于2019年推行的T2钻石联赛首次采用高奖金和高积分的“双高”激励机制,旨在吸引世界优秀运动员参赛,进而提升赛事本身影响力。研究认为,T2钻石联赛与运动员的积分挂钩,导致包括中国在内的世界各国优秀乒乓球运动员被迫参赛,明显具有“积分绑架”的意味,看似为运动员提供福利,实则容易引发一系列连锁反应,暴露出的弊端显而易见。当前,在国际赛事密集、运动员频繁参赛的的大背景下,中国乒协需要冷静面对,通过针对性选择赛事、调整原有集训方式、依托团队作战模式、创新训练手段、突出专项体能地位等有效举措积极适应国际乒联推行的新政,将新赛事对中国乒乓球运动员可能带来的不利影响降到最低。     

男生学业劣势的教育学解读

基础教育领域男生学业劣势现象日益成为一个世界普遍的教育难题,从教育学的角度审视这一问题有助于我们在日常的教育活动中采取有效措施化解这一危机。本文认为,早期教育课程的升级、教学过程中“体验”的消失、充满雌性色彩的教育环境以及重视“听话”忽视“对话”的课堂等四方面原因造成了男生的学业劣势。据此,当从更新性别观念,推迟男孩入学时间,打造道德的课堂,平衡教师性别比例等方面寻求解决这一难题的有效策略。