Effects of Response Option Order on Likert-Type Psychometric Properties and Reactions

The effects of different response option orders on survey responses have been studied extensively. The typical research design involves examining the differences in response characteristics between conditions with the same item stems and response option orders that differ in valence—either incrementally arranged (e.g., strongly disagree to strongly agree) or decrementally arranged (e.g., strongly agree to strongly disagree). The present study added two additional experimental conditions—randomly incremental or decremental and completely randomized. All items were presented in an item-by-item format. We also extended previous studies by including an examination of response option order effects on: careless responding, correlations between focal predictors and criteria, and participant reactions, all the while controlling for false discovery rate and focusing on the size of effects. In a sample of 1,198 university students, we found little to no response option order effects on a recognized personality assessment vis-à-vis measurement equivalence, scale mean differences, item-level distributions, or participant reactions. However, the completely randomized response option order condition differed on several careless responding indices suggesting avenues for future research.     

地方高校制药工程专业《药物合成反应》教学改革与探索

针对地方高校制药工程专业《药物合成反应》课程当前的教学现状,主要通过提炼教学内容、重视单元反应机理的教学方法,提高教学效果.使学生在理解基本有机单元反应原理的基础上,初步具备综合运用有机反应原理进行药物合成的理论水平及创新能力.     

Mesoionic compounds

Mesoionic compounds are distinct types of heterocycles which belong to the class of nonbenzenoid aromatics. Sydnone, the representative mesoionic compound has been extensively studied because of its unusual structure, chemical properties and synthetic utility. Sydnone is used as a versatile synthon in heterocyclic synthesis. This article gives a brief account of the comparative studies of the structural features of mesoionic compounds and other heteroaromatic systems. Some synthetically useful tandem reactions of sydnones are also discussed.     

Pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics and ecogenetics

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics deal with the role of genetic factors in drug effectiveness and adverse drug reactions. The promise of a personalized medicine is beginning to be explored but requires much more clinical and translational research. Specific DNA abnormalities in some cancers already have led to effective targeted treatments. Racially determined frequency differences in pharmacogenetic traits may affect choice of treatment requiring specific testing rather than basing treatments according to racial designation. The role of genes in variable responses to foreign chemicals （xenobiotics） has been termed ecogenetics or toxicogenetics raising problems in public health and occupational medicine. Nutrigenetics refers to genetic variation in response to nutrients and may affect nutritional requirements and predisposition to chronic disease.     

合资承诺、控制权分配和公告公司股票市场反应

基于交易成本理论,探讨不同控制权分配情况下,合资承诺对公告公司股票收益的影响。本文以2009年至2013年间发布合资公告的上市公司为研究对象,利用事件研究法和多元回归分析方法,研究股票市场对合资公告的反应。实证结果显示,股票市场对合资公告具有积极的正向反应,股票收益随着投资承诺的增加而增加,但与时间承诺的关系并不显著。当伙伴掌握绝对控制权时,投资承诺对公告公司股票收益的边际贡献率最高,权力平衡的分配模式次之,最低的为公告公司掌握绝对控制权的情况。本研究从控制权分配角度,解释了合资承诺与企业绩效之间的关系,为管理者提供了关于合资投入和控制权分配的决策参考。     

男生学业劣势的教育学解读

基础教育领域男生学业劣势现象日益成为一个世界普遍的教育难题,从教育学的角度审视这一问题有助于我们在日常的教育活动中采取有效措施化解这一危机。本文认为,早期教育课程的升级、教学过程中“体验”的消失、充满雌性色彩的教育环境以及重视“听话”忽视“对话”的课堂等四方面原因造成了男生的学业劣势。据此,当从更新性别观念,推迟男孩入学时间,打造道德的课堂,平衡教师性别比例等方面寻求解决这一难题的有效策略。     

一种确定系统中独立反应数的方法

本文依据化学方程式可写成矩阵方程的原理，提出了一种确定系统独立反应数的方法。     

《氧化还原反应》微型实验的改革应用研究

应用微型化学实验方法对基础化学实验中《氧化还原反应》实验进行改进,结果表明:改进后的实验,仪器装置显著微缩,试剂用量大幅节省,实验时间大为减少,操作更为简便,具有较好的教学功能和教学效果.