神经美学与审美趣味研究的转向

随着现代医学科技的不断发展,神经医学对许多脑神经病例的全新解释对传统的审美趣味培养理论提出了挑战。医学科学家对人的大脑结构与审美反应的深入探究为人们现实生活中的艺术现象提供了生理基础,即人的审美经验的本质是生理性的本能反映,不同的大脑结构决定了不同的审美感受能力。人的审美趣味尽管具有先天构成上的差异,但这些差异对审美趣味的影响并不是绝对的,后天的培养同样非常重要。     

Chemistry and the Pendulum – What Have They to do With Each Other?

Physicists have known for some time that pendulum motion is a useful analogy for other physical processes. Chemists have played with the idea from time to time but the strength of the analogy between pendulum motion and chemical processes has only received prominent published recognition since about 1980, although there are details of the analogy that still remain to be explored. This paper suggests that thinking of the pendulum as a type of energy converter can help students understand the energy conversions involved in molecular collisions associated with a chemical reaction. In particular, the relationship between kinetic and potential energy becomes vital in understanding the process of bond breaking, bond making, and enthalpy change in a chemical reaction. As a result, the principles behind transition state theory become somewhat easier to grasp. However, the use of the pendulum as an analogy for a reaction approaching chemical equilibrium can lead to misconceptions. The paper also discusses the nature of catalytic feedback, periodicity and non-periodicity in oscillating chemical reactions and the extent to which the action of a pendulum might elucidate these phenomena. Identifying the limitations as well as the strengths of an analogy is an important consideration when an analogy is applied to a teaching and learning situation. While one is tempted to think that pendulum action is probably more pertinent to the study of physics, there are important applications in the field of chemistry.     

《氧化还原反应》微型实验的改革应用研究

应用微型化学实验方法对基础化学实验中《氧化还原反应》实验进行改进,结果表明:改进后的实验,仪器装置显著微缩,试剂用量大幅节省,实验时间大为减少,操作更为简便,具有较好的教学功能和教学效果.     

An appreciation of free radical chemistry 6. Experiments involving free radicals

In the previous five parts, we have seen how the ubiquitous free radicals touch our lives in many ways. In this part, four experiments involving free radical intermediates are described. They are very simple, economical and practical, and can be easily carried out in laboratories with meagre resources. They can, therefore, be adapted for MSc chemistry practicals as part of free radical chemistry course.     

金属卟啉催化的三组分反应研究进展

金属卟啉配合物,是一类具有重要应用价值的催化剂,在氧化、不对称合成、烯烃化、C-H键插入等反应中有着良好的应用。本文综述了金属卟啉配合物在三组分反应中的催化应用,重点归纳评述了它们在合成吡咯烷、吡咯啉、三氮唑、异噁唑、氮杂环丙烷等重要有机分子方面的催化活性,分析了目前金属卟啉配合物在这方面存在的问题并展望了其发展的方向。     

重核强阻尼碰撞中巨复合体系的形成和衰变

用改进的量子分子动力学模型研究了重核强阻尼反应过程中巨复合体系的形成和衰变机制。计算了强阻尼反应^238U＋^238U和^232Th＋^250Cf的入射道动力学势、绝热势和密度冻结势并对它们进行了比较,我们发现动力学势与绝热势非常接近,相对于非常陡峭的密度冻结势来说,在弹靶接触位型阶段两者都变的比较平坦。正因为这种比较平坦的相互作用势使巨复合体系能够存活一定的时间。通过不同能量下反应体系的密度分布随时间的演化,从而得到每个反应事件形成巨复合体系的寿命,进一步给出复合体系的寿命分布和平均寿命的能量依赖关系。研究表明：选择合适的入射能量可以使强阻尼反应形成的复合体系有最长的寿命。在动量空间中,通过复合体系形变的各向异性作为入射能量的函数的研究,发现使形成的巨复合体系具有各向同性的动量分布所对应的能量是最佳入射能量的选择,它能使复合体系保持最长的寿命,这种情况最有利于正电子的产生。     

水溶液酸碱度对无机化学反应平衡的影响及应用

按无机化学反应及平衡类型分四方面探讨了水溶液酸碱度对无机化学反应及平衡的影响和作用,介绍了控制酸碱度在电化学、分析化学上的应用.     

凝胶体系中沉淀增长的理想模型

在一简化了的化学体系一凝胶介质中,提出沉淀增长的理想模型。沉淀增长的推动力是参加沉淀反应后“剩余部分”电解质的继续扩散作用。在温度和凝胶介质一定时,沉淀的增长速率与电解质浓度、扩散系数及沉淀物质的溶度积常数有关。     

一株产纤维素酶的诺卡氏属菌株筛选及产酶条件研究

通过对秸秆和牛粪干的增殖培养,从中分离、纯化获得42株菌株。经滤纸条崩解实验、溶菌圈大小测定及CMCase(羧甲基纤维素酶活)测定,筛选得到1株代号为GNA120对纤维素降解具有优势的放线菌,初步鉴定为诺卡氏菌属(Nocardia spp.)。实验确定该菌株的最佳产酶条件为:温度28℃;pH值5.6;硫酸铵作氮源时产酶能力最强。