小说语言与当代小说传播

新时期之前的小说以工农兵为传播对象,作家以工农兵语言进行书写和言说,其语言主要表现为口语化。＂文革＂时期,由于意识形态的强势作用,大量领袖语言直接嵌入小说文本。新时期小说以思想文化启蒙为传播目标,出现了饱含情感色彩的人道主义语言和人文理性语言。自90年代以来,文化消费成为小说传播主要动力,作家根据读者的趣味选择小说语言使小说语言呈现出调侃性、时尚化和感官化的特征。各时期小说语言的根本差异表明作家与读者之间的关系也在随时变化。当下如何调整作家与读者的关系,通过语言变革既保持小说的良好传播,又避免让小说沦为仅仅是娱乐工具,是目前作家和学者共同面对的问题。     

Reading at the front: books and soldiers in the First World War

Abstract

This paper focuses on the reading and educational practices of common soldiers during the First World War. It argues that the question of how war libraries were imagined and constructed by civilians needs to be framed in the larger context of pre-war Edwardian debates surrounding the “value of books” in society. Indeed, it was within this debate that “humanities activists” first sought to play a role in times of crisis, confident that the war library operation had the blessing of prominent authors. The paper analyses the experience of British self-improvers at the front, their enduring connections with adult education institutions at home and the opportunities that the war opened up to new Australasian common readers fighting as part of the colonial expeditionary forces.     

浅谈图书馆员如何做好服务工作

读者服务工作是图书馆服务性的具体体现。作为“软件”的服务,本文试图从性格、视线、礼貌用语等一些具体细节进行阐述,希望在做好读者服务工作方面,起到一些帮助。     

Asking the Readers

Alternative forms of journalism are said to challenge the passive role of audience members as receivers and to foster active citizenship among alternative journalists and audiences. Yet the scholarly literature on alternative journalism contains more assertions about than evidence from the audience. Downing has described the audience for alternative media as “the virtually unknown”, prompting him to urge journalism scholars to undertake more audience research to help increase our understanding of this allegedly active and civic-minded public. This exploratory study of the people who regularly read a contemporary example of alternative journalism—an investigative local blog covering one UK city—is intended to contribute towards filling the gap identified by Downing. Audience views are explored by means of questionnaires and focus groups, providing some evidence that individuals are attracted to alternative journalism by their dissatisfaction with mainstream media; that they see alternative media as helping them make sense of the world; and that, to an extent, engaging with such media is both a prompt to, and a reflection of, readers’ democratic engagement as citizens. Recognising the limitations of this small study, the article concludes by reiterating Downing's call for further research.     

数字图书馆时代的读者教育探索

通过比较数字图书馆与传统图书馆异同,探讨了数字图书馆时代读者教育的必要性及方式。     

大学生的信息素质与高校图书馆的读者教育

信息素质是现代人应具备的素质，培养和提高大学生的信息素质，是高校图书馆的读者教育的目的。     

The use of phonological, orthographic, and contextual information during reading: a comparison of adults who are learning to read and skilled adult readers

The purpose of this study was to assess the role that phonological, orthographic, and contextual sources of information play in a group of adults who were learning to read compared to adult skilled readers. Participants read short paragraphs that contained a correct homophone, an incorrect homophone, or a spelling control. Target words were orthographically similar or dissimilar, and they appeared in context that predicted the target or was neutral with respect to the target. The pattern of data obtained for skilled readers was consistent with past work (Rayner et al., Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 24(2), 476–497, 1998). Skilled readers showed no reading time differences between the correct homophone and the incorrect homophone, as long as the two were orthographically similar, but reading times on these words were faster than the spelling control condition. The pattern of data for the adults who were learning to read was different. These readers were actually better at noticing that an incorrect version of the homophone was present. Importantly, we did find consistent significant differences between the incorrect homophone condition and the spelling control condition. This suggests the adults who were learning to read use phonological codes during word recognition, but they do so less efficiently than skilled readers.     

试论我国图书馆移动阅读服务发展对策

本文介绍了移动阅读在国内外图书馆的应用现状,并以SWOT为分析框架,对我国图书馆开展移动阅读服务的机遇和威胁、优势和劣势进行了探讨,提出了我国图书馆开展移动阅读服务的对策。     

相互作用分析理论在图书馆馆读人际交往中的应用

阐析人际交往分析工具PAC理论及其应用案例,针对图书馆员的人际交往心理,应用PAC理论揭示图书馆员在人际交往中的心理状态及问题,并提出可操作的解决方法。     

“How do You Know this Answer?” – Children’s Use of Text Data and General Knowledge in Story Comprehension

This study investigates how, and to what extent, young readers (7–8 year-olds) use text information or their prior knowledge when answering comprehension questions about narrative texts. The children were asked to explain how they found out their responses by answering the following question: “how do you know this answer?” Their answers and justifications were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The text proved to be the main source of information for these readers. However, sometimes the children seemed to ignore the text and over rely on their prior knowledge to answer the questions. The procedure of asking children to justify their answers was shown to be a good way of specifying more precisely some of their problems in text comprehension. It also seemed to encourage them to look back at the text and review their responses and, as such, it could be considered a useful tool to improve children’s reading comprehension.