论运动技能迁移理论在田径教学中的应用

田径各项目在技术原理、动作组成、身体素质和运动能力等方面有联系 ,因此在田径教学中 ,技能迁移现象随处可见。就教学中技能迁移现象作分析 ,提出在教学中要注意遵循技能迁移规律的应用。     

美国公立小学的阅读教学

本文通过考察美国公立小学的阅读教学,发现美国语言教学中特别重视阅读习惯的培养,具体体现在阅读方式的指导和阅读材料的选择上,这些对于中国的语言教学都具有借鉴作用。     

历届全国体育教育专业大学生基本功大赛的对比分析

运用文献资料法、逻辑推理法及统计法对历届全国体育教育专业基本功大赛的相关资料进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:基本功大赛的比赛内容与时代发展的要求相吻合;学生文化素质较低、外语水平差及缺乏高素质的师资队伍等问题非常突出,并对如何更好地发展本专业提出了建议。     

论重要运动技战术创新的产权保护

研究目的:运动技战术创新是体育运动的生命和动力,是体育工作者的聪明才智和辛勤劳动的成果,建立完善的体育科技创新保护和激励机制,有助于体育运动快速健康的发展。研究方法:查阅国内外的研究动态和成就,熟悉知识产权的法律法规和保护原则,论证运动技战术创新的基本过程、形态及智力成果的特征。研究结果:运动技战术创新是体育工作者的智力劳动成果,符合知识产权的保护原则。建议:承认重要运动技战术创新者享有非专利发明权。     

艺术体操新兴动作—空中转体跳步难度动作的研究

笔者通过查阅大量文献资料后对转体跳步难度动作分类,并应用力学分析方法对典型动作进行技术原理分析。采用录像观察与统计,比较中外转体跳步难度动作的差异,分析国内存在的问题和原因。结论是:转体跳步难度动作是跳步动作发展的重要趋势之一;我国转体跳步难度动作完成的成功率普遍偏低,主要存在转体不到位和空中造型控制能力差两个问题;教练员对新规则掌握不够深刻,训练中对动作的要求规格不高。     

Hot hands,cold feet? Investigating effects of interacting constraints on place kicking performance at the 2015 Rugby Union World Cup

Place kicks in Rugby Union present valuable opportunities to score points outside the spatiotemporal dynamics of open play but are executed under varying performance constraints. We analysed effects of specific task constraints and relevant contextual factors on place kick performance in the 2015 Rugby Union World Cup. Data were collected from television broadcasts for each place kick. In addition to kick outcomes, contextual factors, including time of the kick in the match, score margin at the time of the kick, and outcome of the kicker’s previous kick, were recorded. Effects of spatial task constraints were analysed for each kick, using distance (m) and angle (°) of the kick to the goalposts. A binomial logistic regression model revealed that distance from, and angle to, the goalposts were significant predictors of place kick outcome. Furthermore, the success percentage of kickers who missed their previous kick was 7% lower than those who scored their previous kick. Place kick success percentage in the 10 minutes before half-time was 8% lower than the mean tournament success percentage, which was 75% (95% CI 71–78%). The highest kick success percentage was recorded when scores were level (83%; 95% CI 72–91%). Our data highlighted how subtle changes in task constraints and contextual factors can influence performance outcomes in elite performers in international competition. Fluctuations in place kick success suggested that individual constraints, such as thoughts, emotions and fatigue, induced during competition, could interact with perceptions to influence emergent performance behaviours.     

英语朗读教学之我见

朗读是英语教学重要的环节;强调朗读对提高学生英语学习有着重要的作用。如何提高朗读教学质量,便是英语教学值得探讨的问题。     

Effectiveness of motor skill intervention varies based on implementation strategy

Background: Young children from disadvantaged settings often present delays in fundamental motor skills (FMS). Young children can improve their FMS delays through developmentally appropriate motor skill intervention programming. However, it is unclear which pedagogical strategy is most effective for novice and expert instructors.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a motor skill intervention delivered by expert and novice teachers via direct or indirect pedagogical strategy on the object control and locomotor skills of young children.

Participants and setting: Participants included children (N?=?109) aged 40–67 months (M_age?=?54 months, SD?=?7 months) enrolled in an early years center for children who are socioeconomically disadvantaged in the United States.

Data collection: Children participated in one of five instructional conditions (expert-led direct, expert-led indirect, novice-led direct, novice-led indirect, and control). Expert and preservice physical education teachers implemented the Successful Kinesthetic Instruction for Preschoolers (SKIP) motor skill program twice weekly for 6 weeks (360?min of instruction). Children in all experimental conditions (n?=?69) received ‘business as usual’ free play on nonintervention days. Children in the control condition (n?=?40) received the ‘business as usual’ free play 5 days weekly throughout the entirety of the intervention. Children completed the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 during the pretest and the posttest.

Data analysis: For object control and locomotor skills, we conducted two, separate, one-way ANOVAs at the pretest to determine condition differences. We then calculated two separate, five conditions × two times repeated-measures ANOVAs to determine the effects of SKIP on both object control and locomotor skills. Tukey post hoc analyses confirmed posttest differences among the conditions.

Findings: There were no significant differences among conditions at the pretest (locomotor, p?=?.347–.969; object control, p?=?.143–.918). For object control skills, there were significant main effects for time (F[1, 104]?=?83.92, p?.001, η²?=?.45) and condition (F[4, 104]?=?6.39, p?<?.001, η²?=?.20) as well as a significant time by condition interaction (F[4, 104]?=?22.36, p?<?.001, η²?=?.45). For locomotor skills, there was a significant main effect for time (F[1, 104]?=?41.25, p?<?.001, η²?=?.28) but not for condition (F[4, 104]?=?2.20 p?<?.074, η²?=?.08). There was a significant time by condition interaction (F[1, 104]?=?18.68, p?<?.001, η²?=?.42). Experts, regardless of strategy, showed significantly greater improvements (p?<?.001) than novice and control conditions for locomotor skills. For object control skills, experts (all conditions) and novice-direct demonstrated significantly (p?<?.001) greater gains than the control and novice-indirect conditions.

Conclusion: Young children from disadvantaged settings demonstrated developmental delays with FMS. Motor skill intervention was effective with remediating their delays. Novice teachers with limited physical education experience should begin teaching object control skills via direct instruction. Experts can choose either direct or indirect instructional strategies. Future research should investigate the implications of scaffolding locomotor skills and indirect pedagogical strategies for novice teachers.     

MasterCAM 2D动态铣削及其优势

MasrterCAM 2D动态铣削是世界技能大赛、全国数控大赛在数控铣削赛项中普遍采用的软件编程技巧。文章通过典型案例将MasrterCAM 2D动态铣削与其他铣削方式进行对比分析,梳理2D动态铣削的优势及应用技巧。     

文学创作的源头活水——纪录片《文学的故乡》之《莫言》解读

纪录片《文学的故乡》之《莫言》集,真实生动地展现了莫言笔下的故乡风貌,传递了非常丰富而鲜活的信息:有作家刻骨铭心的饥饿记忆,有来之不易的童年阅读,还有茂腔这样的民间艺术滋养等,这一切为读者进一步探寻作家文学创作的源头活水开拓了新的通道。