推进大学生课外科技创新活动的实践与思考

大学生课外科技创新活动是加强素质教育的重要途径和有效手段,对大学生成长成才发挥着重要作用,文章针对大学生课外科技创新活动存在的主要问题,提出相应的对策与思考,从而构建大学生科技创新教育与实践体系,深化推进大学生课外科技创新活动。     

中国房地产发展前景与应对策略

从当前我国房地产市场呈现量价齐跌的态势,预测我国房地产市场2009年的形势更加不容乐观,到2010年房地产周期将随经济周期重新进入上升周期.房地产企业应从在房地产周期准确判断的基础上,进行反周期投资;把握市场热点,研究市场低迷时依旧热销的楼盘;保持相对稳健的财务策略,融资渠道多元化;根据区域房地产周期的差别进行开发项目布局;用宏观经济周期判断房地产周期多个方面的应对策略.     

市场经济条件下自学考试社会助学发展的思考

运用价值规律相关理论,从市场经济角度对高等教育自学考试社会助学做出考察,探讨了自学考试管理机构利用市场规律对社会助学进行调控的基本手段和方法.这对高等教育自学考试机构加强社会助学管理具有一定的理论指导意义.     

“2012年第59届美国运动医学会年会”专栏——体力活动研究的现状及趋势

体力活动研究近年来受到越来越多的关注。以2012年第59届美国运动医学会年会交流论文为例,从体力活动与健康、体力活动现状调查、体力活动测量工具、体力活动影响因素、体力活动促进五个方面对当前体力活动研究的现状进行总结。结果表明第59届美国运动医学会年会发表的体力活动相关研究具有选题范围广、研究深入细致、实践应用价值大等特点。建议在我国进行体力活动研究时采用客观准确的方法测量体力活动水平与健康指标,明确两者间的量效关系,从而提出适合国人的体力活动指南;在体力活动的流行病学调查中,尽量应用客观测量工具,并采用追踪研究的设计,从而准确评估国人体力活动水平及其变化趋势;从多个层面深入研究不同人群的体力活动影响因素,为体力活动干预方案的设计提供切实依据;体力活动干预方案的设计要依据成熟的理论和可靠的证据,同时兼顾方案的效果和实施的成本效益。     

体力活动：ADHD儿童认知功能改善的干预选择

注意缺陷与多动症(ADHD)是儿童常见的行为障碍,患儿通常伴有自我调节障碍与学业困难,其生活品质与社会功能的发展受到极大的消极影响。体力活动对儿童的认知功能有积极影响,可以作为ADHD的干预策略予以应用。ADHD儿童的运动参与干预理论模型及相应的预防机制亟需探索与发展。     

微博实名制及其推进社会诚信的作用

微博已经成为中国人交朋结友和发表意见的重要平台,同时也存在谣言泛滥等诸多负面现象。2011年底到2012年初,微博实名制在北京市开始全面推行,采取了"后台实名、前台自愿"的方式。微博实名制的采取,对于规范社交网络上机构和个人的言论,增强社会诚信,具有一定的积极意义。     

施斗姆定理证明的探讨

介绍了施斗姆定理的一种证明方法,通过这种证明使我们更易理解施斗姆定理的含义,掌握施斗姆定理,从而达到运用施斗姆定理讨论多项式实数根的目的．     

Position statement: Testing physical condition in a population – how good are the methods?

Abstract

A poor physical condition – expressed as physical inactivity and poor physical fitness – is associated with the development of chronic diseases and premature death. Our aim was to evaluate the methods currently available for measuring physical activity and physical fitness in the general population.

Physical activity is determined by duration, frequency, and intensity and derives from many different domains, making it difficult to assess over long periods and no feasible general criterion measure exists. Both objective and subjective methods are available. Of the objective methods, accelerometry is the most attractive technology, and is well enough developed for general use in large populations. The advantage of accelerometry is that it is not dependent on the memory of the individual, but its main disadvantage is that it grossly underestimates energy expenditure, due to the lack of registration of certain activities. This may be overcome to a certain extent by combining accelerometry with heart rate monitoring, although this still does not measure activity in different domains. Of the subjective methods, self-report questionnaires are inexpensive and easy to administer. Many questionnaires have been developed, but we require (1) consensus on which measures to use for validation and (2) further development of internationally standardized questionnaires for use in different settings and to address different scientific questions. Many questionnaires correlate well with biological markers and development of chronic diseases, but subjective measurement will always entail a certain degree of misclassification. Furthermore, unstructured physical activity such as housework and gardening may be subject to recall bias. No method appears better to any other, and the choice of instrument will depend on the research question being asked. Future research should combine information from both objective and subjective methods.

Physical fitness comprises several components, including cardiorespiratory endurance and muscle strength and endurance. Direct measurement of oxygen consumption is the criterion measure for cardiorespiratory endurance. As regards muscle strength and endurance, only test–retest reliability is available. Hand-held dynamometers greatly facilitate field testing for maximal isometric muscle strength assessment, while force plate measurements can be used for the lower extremities. For endurance, simple tests such as push-ups and sit-ups are reliable.     

Social influence in relation to current and intended physical activity among adolescents

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of social support and negative social influence from various contexts on adolescents’ current and intended physical activity. Questionnaire data were obtained from 1156 students aged 16–17 years. Relationships among variables were examined with principal component analysis and structural equation modelling. Social influence from several contexts was strongly related to current and intended physical activity, particularly among students in work preparing school programmes. Social support in a sport club context provided the strongest unique contribution to the relationship with physical activity, and social support from an outside perspective (e.g. suggestions, help to plan, and positive talk about physical activity), from the contexts school and leisure, had multidimensional effects. Social support could exist in tandem with experiences of negative social influences (e.g. complaints, critique, teasing). In conclusion, it is necessary to expand our understanding of processes that surround supportive as well as negative social influences on adolescents’ level of physical activity and distinguish between main, buffering, and intervening effects of social support.     

High Body Mass Index is not a barrier to physical activity: Analysis of international rugby players’ anthropometric data

Abstract

Recent data indicate that levels of overweight and obesity are increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world. At a population level (and commonly to assess individual health risk), the prevalence of overweight and obesity is calculated using cut-offs of the Body Mass Index (BMI) derived from height and weight. Similarly, the BMI is also used to classify individuals and to provide a notional indication of potential health risk.

It is likely that epidemiologic surveys that are reliant on BMI as a measure of adiposity will overestimate the number of individuals in the overweight (and slightly obese) categories. This tendency to misclassify individuals may be more pronounced in athletic populations or groups in which the proportion of more active individuals is higher. This differential is most pronounced in sports where it is advantageous to have a high BMI (but not necessarily high fatness). To illustrate this point we calculated the BMIs of international professional rugby players from the four teams involved in the semi-finals of the 2003 Rugby Union World Cup. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) cut-offs for BMI, approximately 65% of the players were classified as overweight and approximately 25% as obese.

These findings demonstrate that a high BMI is commonplace (and a potentially desirable attribute for sport performance) in professional rugby players. An unanswered question is what proportion of the wider population, classified as overweight (or obese) according to the BMI, is misclassified according to both fatness and health risk? It is evident that being overweight should not be an obstacle to a physically active lifestyle. Similarly, a reliance on BMI alone may misclassify a number of individuals who might otherwise have been automatically considered fat and/or unfit.