英语多元wh-问句的语用功能制约

根据“原则与参数理论”,英语多元wh-问句中的wh-短语在句法层进行移位,其语迹或者得到空语类原则的解释,或者得不到解释。但句法原则无力解释的或被判定为不合法的wh-短语却在语境中大行其道,其合法性得到了话语连接效应、分类答案假设和清单条件假设等语用原则充分而又恰当的解释。     

谈《红楼梦》的诗味与诗美体验

《红楼梦》庞大的结构包含着数量相当多的诗词作品,这些诗词有机地融入主题、情节及人物性格．本文旨在凸现书中诗境与诗性的完美结合,以及对诗味的美感体验。     

‘We are like orphans’: exploring narratives of Lao doctoral alumni educated in Sweden

In this article, we explore the narratives of 10 doctoral alumni from Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) who underwent graduate training in Sweden. The narratives identify challenges encountered by the alumni but more importantly reveal the agency by which these challenges were overcome. The most important strategy was that of collaborative learning, actively enlisting the help of other doctoral students and supervisors, thus challenging the prevalent discourse about doctoral studies as an individual endeavour. Inspired by post-colonial perspectives, the article reveals juxtapositions between Lao colonial experiences and Swedish ignorance of their ramifications. The article argues that programmes in Sweden should work more actively towards a collaborative and inclusive learning process. This strategy becomes especially important when doctoral endeavours involve participants from both the global south and the global north, and it could be an important step in challenging the hegemonic position of the global north in processes of knowledge production.     

Enacting whole-school relationships and sexuality education in England: Context matters

Evidence from intervention evaluations suggests that achieving meaningful and lasting social, behavioural and attitudinal change from relationships, sex and health education (RSHE) in schools requires more than just a curriculum. Whole-school approaches appear particularly promising since they work at multiple levels. For instance, they may: engage with carers, communities and local services; address iniquitous cultures and norms; change school policies and practices; and actively involve young people themselves. They have also been advocated to tackle sexual harassment and abuse in schools. Currently, however, such approaches have not been rigorously evaluated in the UK. This article focuses on the whole-school elements of two recent RSHE pilot studies conducted in English secondary schools. We describe how these elements were variably enacted in different settings. We analyse contextual factors that help account for these differences, including: teacher and departmental professional identity and autonomy; broader education policy including high-stakes testing and school inspection judgements; the significance of support staff; and staff–student relationships and partnerships. We argue that the likely impact of whole-school approaches and RSHE in schools more generally will depend on attending to all of these factors. The paper contributes firstly to debates about the theory and practice of RSHE by highlighting the significance of processes and cultures beyond the classroom in enabling or constraining positive change. Secondly it contributes to scholarship that elucidates the role of contexts, broadly defined, in understanding the enactment of policy and practice.     

The importance of context in task selection

Context is at the core of any statistical investigation, yet many statistics tasks barely require students to go beyond superficial consideration of the contexts the tasks are situated in. In this article, I discuss a framework for evaluating the level of interaction with context a task requires of students and how to modify tasks to increase the levels of interaction required.     

Empowering Student Voice through Interactive Design and Digital Making

Over the last two decades online technology and digital media have provided space for students to participate and express their voices. This paper further explores how new digital technologies, such as humanoid robots and wearable electronics, can be used to offer additional spaces where students' voices are heard. In these spaces, young students are invited to shape the design of digital tools and artifacts through the inclusion of their unique perspectives. The authors argue that involving youth in the design and use of tools contributes not only to the creation of meaningful learning experiences but also to the future potential of youth as producers of digital learning technologies.     

A tale of two algorithms: The appeal and repeal of calculated grades systems in England and Ireland in 2020

The Covid pandemic and the cancellation of state examinations caused unprecedented turmoil in the education systems on both sides of the Irish Sea. As the policy of calculating grades using purpose-built algorithms came undone in the face of a barrage of appeal, protest and legal action, the context in which the policies had been devised collapsed. The British and Irish governments had initially adopted similar approaches to issuing examination grades, but then diverged into different stratagems pre- and post-results, with significantly different outcomes. The Irish examination system emerged relatively unscathed, while the system in England suffered what was probably its greatest policy failure of modern times. This article examines and memorialises how and why this happened, and draws lessons for a future in which school closures and substitute examinations become the ‘new normal’.     

The didactical use of models in realistic mathematics education: An example from a longitudinal trajectory on percentage

The purpose of this article is to describe how, within the Dutch approach to mathematics education, called Realistic Mathematics Education (RME), models are used to elicit students' growth in understanding of mathematics. First some background information is given about the characteristics of RME related to the role of models in this approach. Then the focus is on the use of the bar model within a longitudinal trajectory on percentage that has been designed for Mathematics in Context, a curriculum for the U.S. middle school. The power of this model is that it develops alongside both the teaching and the students: from a drawing that represents a context related to percentage to a strip for estimation and reasoning to an abstract tool that supports the use of percentage as an operator. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

以建构主义为指导的综合英语教学方法与实践

建构主义理论认为,学习是学习者主动建构意义的过程,它强调学习的主动性、社会性和情境性。在以学生为中心的教学模式中,学生是知识意义的主动建构者,而教师则起组织和指导的作用。在建构主义学习理论的指导下,教师应将支架式教学、抛锚式教学及随机进入教学运用到综合英语教学实践中,从多方面、多角度创设各种有利于学生运用语言的情景,培养学生的自主学习能力,提高其语言运用能力。