论坚持马克思主义国家观的重大现实意义

坚持马克思主义国家观，在国际形势风云变幻，国际安全问题更加趋向多元化以及国内在相当长的内仍然存在危害国家安全因素的情况下，确实有着重大的现实意义。     

新写实小说的平民意识

新写实小说是 80年代中期以来出现的一股颇为引人注目的创作潮流。它以其鲜明的平民意识的表达与张扬 ,对新时期以来文学观念的嬗变带来了深刻的影响。新写实小说的平民意识主要表现在三个方面 :直面生活的平民生存关怀 ;民间立场的平民价值取向 ;大众话语体系下的平民意识表达     

两种互补的灵魂关怀

鲁迅从“立人”出发,发掘出国人灵魂中的精神胜利法给人看,关注的是国人灵魂的负面;“人性的治疗者”沈从文,追求一种理想的人生形式,关注的是国人灵魂的正面,二者互补整合为国人灵魂的重铸作出了独特的贡献。阿Q与翠翠分别是体现这两种关怀的艺术典型,而“未庄”与“湘西”则既是典型环境又是一种象征。鲁迅是直面人生的对灵魂真切冷酷的关怀,沈从文则是憧憬未来的对灵魂的理想化关怀。     

Reducing Children's Littering on a Nature Trail

Abstract

The personal experience of place is a fundamental step toward understanding our environment. Environmental education should foster an exploration of the place within which we each live. A sense of place, though, is not sufficient. We must cherish our place in our environment as home, and we should act to protect and improve it as we would our home—for indeed it is. Stories provide a psychologically powerful tool for understanding our environment and our relationships with it. Environmental educators should make good use of place, home, and story in their teaching.     

Caring about tomorrow: future orientation,environmental attitudes and behaviors

Almost any pro-environmental behavior arouses a temporal conflict, as protecting long-term interests requires the sacrifice of short-term ones. Similarly, many health promoting behaviors may involve present discomfort for the sake of future well-being. In both contexts, health or environmental, developed future orientation (FO) is required to succeed in achieving long-term goals. This study examined FO, measured by Zimbardo's time perspective inventory (ZTPI), in both contexts in a sample of 333 Israeli undergraduate students. FO correlated positively with health concern and behavior. In the environmental context, the results were different. Highly future-oriented (according to ZTPI) respondents did not express stronger pro-environmental attitudes, and their willingness to sacrifice for the sake of the environment was significantly lower. They adopted pro-environmental behavior only if it coincided with their personal benefit. The study suggests that the future of the environment may not be perceived in the same way as people's personal future health. The implications for environmental education and communication are discussed.     

Differences in pedagogical understanding among student–teachers in a four-year initial teacher education programme

As teacher educators, preparing student–teachers who are able to address diverse student needs is our main concern. It has been suggested in the literature that teachers who are adaptive to students’ needs are those who possess adequate pedagogical content knowledge or pedagogical understanding. However, it is not uncommon for teacher educators to find student–teachers with diverse pedagogical understandings even at the point of graduation from the teacher education programme. This paper aims to explain and analyse the development of pedagogical understanding among student–teachers in an initial teacher education programme. The findings are drawn from a study conducted at the Hong Kong Institute of Education where in-depth interviews were carried out during the four-year programme. The findings from the three selected cases provide an explanation for why some individual student–teachers show continuous development, whereas others remain confused in their pedagogical understanding throughout the teacher education programme. While acknowledging individual differences in pedagogical understanding, we attempt to explain such differences by investigating the relationship between different dimensions of the student–teachers’ learning such as the integration of pedagogical understanding with the teaching contexts, integration of feedback from lecturers and supporting teachers, and their focus of concern. The findings reveal that the three cases demonstrate different levels of pedagogical understanding and possess varying ‘senses of agency’. Of the three cases, the first one, Peggy has the strongest sense of agency. Despite influences related to classroom management, diverse learning ability among pupils, and the teaching methods which pupils were accustomed to previously, she actively introduced rhythmic movements into her lessons, developed pupils’ ability to learn gradually and achieved an impact on pupils’ learning which was also recognized by her supporting teacher. The analysis suggests that the second case, Lilian has a weaker sense of agency as she was severely limited by influences in the teaching context in her first teaching practice and resorted to teacher-centered teaching strategies. She improved later on in the programme and started to plan her own learning, drawing on the feedback she received as well as learning from other taught modules, from feedback from various sources, and from her pupils’ responses to her teaching and her own evaluation of her teaching. The third case, Stephanie remained confused throughout the programme and struggled with the implementation of student-centered teaching strategies. The ability to practice one’s own convictions and demonstrate an active sense of agency distinguishes the student–teacher who achieves better pedagogical understanding. Drawing on the findings, the paper concludes that it is crucial for teacher educators to identify ways to nurture a sense of agency among student–teachers. Implications for teacher education programmes are discussed, including providing opportunities for student–teachers to be able to articulate and integrate their pedagogical understandings, as well as negotiate how to accomplish their learning and teaching targets despite complex classroom situations.     

奥斯丁文学思想探析

奥斯丁文学思想的出发点肯定了现实生活的客观性,反对将生活和文学对立,认为艺术是生活的一部分。她强调了作者在认识、把握大千世界时观察、研究、了解事物的重要性。其文学思想肯定了文学创作是主观与客观的统一。文章从文学与生活、文学与作家、文学与语言、文学与体裁、文学与形象、文学与结构、文学与思想等七个方面探讨了奥斯丁的文学思想。     

人性的复归:现代图书馆的经营新理念——中山大学珠海校区图书馆启示录

根据后现代反科学思潮的基本理论,分析人性化图书馆的一个范本--中山大学珠海校区图书馆人性化管理的理念与实践,探讨如何把技术因素和人文因素有机地糅合起来以充分体现人文关怀的问题。     

试论方方笔下的知识分子形象

在“祖父”、“父亲”、“我们”三代知识分子形象的塑造中，方方小说以其敏锐的文学眼光和细腻的情感体验方式对知识分子的精神气质、命运指向做了历史性的建构。方方内心的道德拯救理想及其文化精英立场，使其在对知识分子的弱点、劣根性进行剖析的同时，书写了对知识分子的尊严、终极理想的守护和期待。     

论战国时期的忧患意识

战国时期忧患意识的范围呈扩大化趋势,由早期关注自然而转向关注社会现实,注入了更多的社会因素,它有着忧患主体的多层次性。这一时期,“士”群体的忧患意识颇为活跃,忧患内容丰富多彩,它注重忧患意识发展的继承性与连续性,以反映兼并战争与中央集权之现实为聚焦点,关注国运民生,有着很强的理论色彩。