体育教师开发校本课程的动力研究——基于行为改造型激励理论

体育校本课程的开发在新课程改革中具有重要地位,自从《课标》实施以后,校本课程的开发一直不是特别理想。尝试利用行为改造型激励理论去深度剖析影响一线体育教师开发的动力问题,并依据该理论提出改变体育教师消极行为的方法,推动新课标的顺利实施。     

试论利他行为及其培养

利他行为在心理学上是指无个人动机,不期望任何回报的助人行为。自二十世纪二三十年代以来,利他行为一直是经济学、社会学、心理学以及伦理学的重要研究课题之一。目前,研究者们提出的基因决定论、社会交换理论、社会规范理论、移情利他主义等利他动机理论,从不同侧面解释了利他行为。移情法、榜样示范法、及时强化法以及学习有效的助人技能等是培养利他行为的有效方法。     

安徽省城市中产阶层休闲体育行为研究

采用网络和电话咨询,对安徽省城市（合肥、芜湖、蚌埠）中产阶层的人群运动休闲体育行为进行广泛的调查和分析。研究发现,中产阶层人群对共同参与的对象和运动休闲场所的选择比较在意,对他们的社会地位和个人素质有一定的要求;他们在休闲消费方面还表现出明显地追求生活品味和格调的趋势;休闲的主要场所能够较为明显地体现出阶级阶层的区隔和社交圈成员社会地位的高低;对于运动休闲的形式认同和对运动休闲的社会认同是影响中产阶层运动休闲的主要因素。     

大学生热考公务员现象探究——以武汉市大学生为例

通过对大学生热考公务员现象的问卷调查,分析了大学生对公务员认知与行为表现上的差异,得出结论：大学生热考公务员现象归因为整个社会制度的缺陷导致个体所做出的无奈选择,即高等教育制度的缺陷、社会保障制度的不健全、公务员制度的不完善、自主创新制度滞后等因素导致大学毕业生纷纷涌向公务员岗位。从政府和高校两方面提出扩大就业、加强社会保障体系建设、完善公务员机制与加强职业教育、强化思想教育工作、加强创业教育等对策。     

大学生网络交往动机与网络行为特点关系研究综述

大学生已成为网络交往的主力军,网络深刻地影响着大学生的学习、生活及行为方式。本文试图通过对国内外有关大学生网络交往动机与网络行为特点及其关系的研究成果做一综述性的介绍,以期推动研究进展。     

浅析高校大学生体育意识与体育行为的关系

采用问卷调查法、文献资料法对大学生的体育意识、体育行为的现状进行了调查。结果表明：当前大学生体育意识与体育行为方面存在着差距。大部分学生的体育意识处于良好水平,但是体育锻炼的现状不令人满意,这与一部分学生体育意识不强有关,也与学校的体育场地和体育设施有关。由此提示,在今后的体育教育中,对运动不积极的学生要在体育意识上加以引导,还要加强改善学校的体育场地和设施。     

初中生多媒体信息浏览行为研究

本研究选取浙江省湖州市第五中学、十二中共458名初中生为问卷调查对象,对其多媒体信息浏览行为的基本特征、差异等方面进行了较为系统的分析。从多媒体学习条件、多媒体内容偏好、多媒体信息元素类型偏好等六个方面归纳出初中生进行多媒体学习的共有特征,并探究了初中生多媒体信息浏览行为的差异。最后,从家校联合制度、云课堂理念和个性化设计技术三方面提出相应的研究建议。     

Emotion regulation as a mediator of the relation between sexual abuse and behavior problems in preschoolers

Maltreated children show poor emotion regulation competencies compared to non-maltreated children. Emotion regulation has been found to mediate the association between maltreatment and behavior problems in children. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships among child sexual abuse (CSA), emotion regulation (ER), and internalized and externalized behavior problems in preschoolers using conditional process analyses. ER competencies were assessed in 127 children aged 41–79 months (62 abused, 65 non-abused) by their parents (N = 124) and early childhood educators (N = 88) using the Emotion Regulation Checklist (Shields and Cicchetti, 1995, Shields and Cicchetti, 1997). Behavior problems were evaluated by parents using the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach and Rescorla, 2000, Achenbach and Rescorla, 2001). ER was found to completely mediate the relation between CSA and internalized behavior problems and partially mediate the relation between CSA and externalized behavior problems. Parents’ and educators’ evaluations of ER were also found to differ as a function of child gender. The discussion focuses on the relationships among CSA, ER, behavior problems, and child gender. The clinical implications of these findings are also examined. Promoting the optimal development of ER could prevent the emergence and exacerbation of behavior problems in these at-risk children and, in turn, foster resilience.     

Child maltreatment among boy and girl probationers: Does type of maltreatment make a difference in offending behavior and psychosocial problems?

This study examined differences in offending behavior and psychosocial problems between juvenile offenders who have been sexually abused (n = 231), physically abused (n = 1,568), neglected (n = 1,555), exposed to multiple forms of maltreatment (n = 1,767), and non-victims (n = 8,492). In addition, the moderating effect of gender in the association between type of maltreatment and offending behavior/psychosocial problems was examined. Results showed that violent offenses were more common in victims of physical abuse and victims of multiple forms of abuse than in non-victims, both in boys and girls. In boys, sexual offenses were far more common in victims of sexual abuse than in victims of other or multiple forms of maltreatment or in non-victims. In girls, no group differences were found in sexual offending behavior. For both boys and girls, externalizing problems were relatively common in victims of physical abuse and neglect whereas internalizing problems were relatively common in victims of sexual abuse. In victims of multiple forms of maltreatment, both internalizing and externalizing problems were relatively common. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.     

Environmental identity,pro-environmental behaviors,and civic engagement of volunteer stewards in Portland area parks

We conducted surveys of adults participating in municipally sponsored volunteer events in the Portland, OR metropolitan area in order to understand the range of attitudes and behaviors associated with volunteer work. We sampled 172 individuals in 18 events from February to June 2012. Principal components and factor analyses of survey responses identified three groups based on annual frequency of participation in stewardship events: first-time volunteers, mid-level volunteers (3–10 events per year), and frequent volunteers (>10 events per year). Our analyses revealed three main factors that explained the variation in survey response for the three volunteer groups: environmental identity, private pro-environmental behavior, and civic engagement. All three factors were positively correlated with frequency of participation in stewardship events, with the most frequent volunteers indicating the highest degree of attention to environmental issues, environmental identity, and self-reported pro-environmental behaviors. Frequent volunteers were more likely to feel personally attached to their local environment, believe that their efforts help solve environmental problems, and enjoy being part of community efforts. These results suggest that stewardship activities provide opportunities for volunteers to interact with others while working collectively toward restoring and maintaining parks, which may contribute to more resilient communities.