Why are women underrepresented in Computer Science? Gender differences in stereotypes,self-efficacy,values, and interests and predictors of future CS course-taking and grades

This study addresses why women are underrepresented in Computer Science (CS). Data from 1319 American first-year college students (872 female and 447 male) indicate that gender differences in computer self-efficacy, stereotypes, interests, values, interpersonal orientation, and personality exist. If students had had a positive experience in their first CS course, they had a stronger intention to take another CS course. A subset of 128 students (68 females and 60 males) took a CS course up to one year later. Students who were interested in CS, had high computer self-efficacy, were low in family orientation, low in conscientiousness, and low in openness to experiences were more likely to take CS courses. Furthermore, individuals who were highly conscientious and low in relational-interdependent self-construal earned the highest CS grades. Efforts to improve women’s representation in CS should bear these results in mind.     

In and out of the STEM pipeline – a longitudinal study of a misleading metaphor

ABSTRACT

The metaphor of the leaking pipeline is sometimes used to suggest that some students are lost for STEM as they advance through the educational system. This paper follows a cohort of upper-secondary school students with an interest in STEM from 18 months before their completion of upper-secondary until three years after their completion. Adopting a mixed-methods design, it follows the students' reflections and interests concerning their choice of higher education programme within and/or outside STEM. Only 22% of the students expressed the same interest during the whole period, and 56% changed between different groups of studies, e.g. between STEM and HEALTH. The students' trajectories showed that the leaking-pipeline metaphor is misleading because it suggests a linear and one-way movement, while there were students moving in as well as out of STEM trajectories. The students’ reflections showed identity issues at the level of ego identity, the personal identity and the social identity (Coté and Levine). Particular incidents in the students’ lives and in the outreach programme they were involved in sparked interests and reflections. These incidents should be considered as elements in a continuous reflection concerning who they are and where they would like to go rather than as critical moments.     

MIGRANT WORKERS IN EUROPE'S MEDIA

The media production industries of most European countries have undergone considerable changes in the last 30 years. The de-regulation of the sector and technological changes have transformed recruitment and employment practices, with some impact on the ethnic composition of the media workforce. Based on relevant literature and the views of 68 senior journalists and media professionals in Italy, Greece, Ireland, the United Kingdom, Poland and the Netherlands, the article examines the factors—impeding and facilitating—that determine migrant employment in the European media. It highlights the many aspects of the recruitment process and the nature of media work that can pose additional barriers to those outside the mainstream of society.

For a full explanation of the methodology of the research project, please see the introduction in this themed section: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2012.740213.     

自然数集扩充后的基数理论

自然数集扩充后,其基数理论起了相应变化,定义与法则都需作调整以适应数学教学与应用的需要。     

高校教师招聘工作浅议

当今高校师资紧缺,只有在对本校师资队伍深入分析的基础上,建立严格的招聘考核制度,同时采用灵活多样的招聘方式,才能使高校在激烈的人才竞争战中立于不败之地。     

《劳动合同法》视域下教师聘任制的劳动关系审视

教师聘任制的实施由于编制短缺、法律细则滞后以及法律意识匮乏等原因导致学校与教师之间权利与义务的失衡。《劳动合同法》的正式施行,为实行真正意义上的教师聘任制提供了重要的法律依据。依照《劳动合同法》,实施教师聘任制要以合法、公平、自愿、诚信为原则,在保障学校与教师双方权利和义务的基础上,以用工为事实,以合同为标志构建二者之间的劳动关系,并需直面教师聘任制将触及的新问题。     

浅析高校档案馆功能的拓展

基于高校档案馆作为一种新型的档案管理实体,其信息服务功能呈现出规模化的趋势,针对如何在新的历史阶段进一步拓展高校档案馆功能的问题,探讨了高校档案馆功能拓展的基本形式,并提出了实现其功能拓展的相关措施。     

美国高校学生运动员招募问题的治理与启示

针对美国大学体育联盟(NCAA)在学生运动员招募过程中长期存在非法招募和学术作弊等违规行为,研究以边缘腐败视角解读相关违规行为及其特征。研究认为,违规方式较为轻微因而具有模糊性,直接利益受益者相互包庇因而具有隐蔽性,破坏了高校招生公平制度因而具有衍生性。NCAA为维持联盟公平公正准则,通过健全机构严格审核、精细招募程序量化标准、制定"极限施压"惩治制度等措施取得一定治理效果,但也存在治理局限。我国大学运动员招生实践中应采取厘清自主招生权限、构建全面监督体系、健全法律法规体系、开展反腐败教育等措施严厉打击招生腐败。     

英语拓展性教学评价方式研究

一些教师在开展拓展性教学的过程中,只注重观察学生是否有效掌握相应的知识,忽略了评价这一过程,在一定程度上阻碍了学生的全面进步。文章从口头评价、任务评价、小组评价三方面入手,探究如何通过评价来发挥英语拓展性教学的积极作用。     

Choosing a career in special education

Over the past three decades, the severe shortage of special education teachers has continued to pose a significant challenge for schools in several countries. This study investigated factors that influence an individual’s decision to choose a career in special education. Understanding more about the experiences of those entering the field of special education provides insight to assist in recruiting individuals to meet this demand. Nineteen graduate students enrolled in a university’s special education program in the United States completed a survey and participated in semi-structured interviews to examine factors that contributed towards their decision to choose a career in special education. Seven factors were identified: experiences with individuals with disabilities, degree program/career goals, a preference for special education, a desire to be an advocate, influence from others, other educational experiences, and personal reasons. In addition, the participants provided recommendations for teacher preparation programs to effectively recruit special education teachers. The recommendations included providing more information to others about what special education teachers do and the impact they make, and providing more exposure to individuals with disabilities.