大一化学中氧化还原反应的教学

就大一化学中氧化还原反应教学的几个问题,结合作者的教学实践作了分析和探讨.     

电位滴定中的对称反应探讨

用与讨论Ce4＋和Fe2＋的反应相似的方法．判断一个反应是否为对称反应,应该看滴定曲线上电位突跃点和化学计量点是否重合．重合者为对称反应,否则为非对称反应,若从反应物之间的摩尔比或看氧化还原反应中氧化剂和还原剂得失电子数目是否相等去判断一个反应是否为对称反应,有时会导致错误的结论．只有把对称反应的电位突跃点当作化学计量点在理论上才是严谨可靠的．     

燃料电池

论述了燃料电池的原因,详细分析了燃料电池的特点和类型,并对其发展前景作了展望。     

关于氧化还原滴定过程的讨论

通过对氧化还原滴定过程的讨论,依据滴定过程中氧化剂（或还原剂）浓度的变化,推导出体系电位E值与滴定百分数之间的函数关系式．     

有机反应中稳定与不稳定的辩证关系

阐述了有机反应中稳定与不稳定的各种辩证关系,归纳总结了有机反应中各种不稳定和稳定因素,对理解和解释有机反应进行方向,反应机理和反应活性都有很大的帮助。     

氧化数概念在有机氧化还原反应中的应用

在有机化学中,引入了氧化数的概念,并用此概念对有机氧化还原反应的判断和有机氧化还原反应方程式的配平进行了探讨。     

分子物性理论

分子结构或价键是原子外层壳粒交换、递换、递传,而分子化合或化学反应是元素原子递换传输的基本过程,递换的结果就成了新化合物。有机物是非生长式生物遗体生成的原子、分子间壳粒递传方式化合物。其化学反应是元素原子递换传输的过程。     

北京奥运会抓台式与蹲踞式出发反应时的比较

通过文献资料、观察法、数理统计等研究方法,对北京奥运会游泳比赛中运动员采用蹲踞式和抓台式出发反应时进行统计与分析。结果表明：蹲踞式出发技术具有较好的稳定性、起动速度更快和发力效果好,比抓台式出发技术的反应时短,具有显著性差异,成为主流出发技术;建议：在各层次运动队的训练中广泛推广。     

Using bio-orthogonally catalyzed lethality strategy to generate mitochondria-targeting anti-tumor metallodrugs in vitro and in vivo

Synthetic lethality was proposed nearly a century ago by geneticists and recently applied to develop precision anti-cancer therapies. To exploit the synthetic lethality concept in the design of chemical anti-cancer agents, we developed a bio-orthogonally catalyzed lethality (BCL) strategy to generate targeting anti-tumor metallodrugs both in vitro and in vivo. Metallodrug Ru-rhein was generated from two non-toxic species Ru-N₃ and rhein-alkyne via exclusive endogenous copper-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction without the need of an external copper catalyst. The non-toxic species Ru-arene complex Ru-N₃ and rhein-alkyne were designed to perform this strategy, and the mitochondrial targeting product Ru-rhein was generated in high yield (>83%) and showed high anti-tumor efficacy in vitro. This BCL strategy achieved a remarkable tumor suppression effect on the tumor-bearing mice models. It is interesting that the combination of metal-arene complexes with rhein via CuAAC reaction could transform two non-toxic species into a targeting anti-cancer metallodrug both in vitro and in vivo, while the product Ru-rhein was non-toxic towards normal cells. This is the first example that exclusive endogenous copper was used to generate metal-based anti-cancer drugs for cancer treatment. The anti-cancer mechanism of Ru-rhein was studied and autophagy was induced by increased reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial damage. The generality of this BCL strategy was also studied and it could be extended to other metal complexes such as Os-arene and Ir-arene complexes. Compared with the traditional methods for cancer treatment, this work presented a new approach to generating targeting metallodrugs in vivo via the BCL strategy from non-toxic species in metal-based chemotherapy.     

积分第二中值定理的一种改进

著名的第二积分中值定理在《数学分析》中占有十分重要的位置,并作为很多学科计算的一个重要工具,因此它得到了多种改进和推广。本文采用了一种引入参数的办法,又得到了第二积分中值定理的一种改进形式。