论散手运动员反应能力的心理训练

反应能力是一项重要的心理指标,它影响着散手运动员的技、战术的正确运用与发挥。散手运动员的反应主要属复杂的视觉——运动反应。反应心理训练主要是提高运动员的感知、思维、判断和预测能力以及运动协调能力。     

关于"训练强度可以超过比赛强度"的歧义

从生物学效应的角度对训练、比赛负荷强度问题进行了理论上的阐述与分析 ,指出了两者的本质性差异 ,得出在同等负荷方式下 ,训练强度不可能超出比赛强度的结论。     

Between-limb asymmetry in kinetic and temporal characteristics during bilateral plyometric drop jumps from different heights

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the between-limb asymmetry in kinetic and temporal characteristics during bilateral plyometric drop jumps from different heights. Seventeen male basketball players performed drop jumps from 3 heights on two platforms in randomized orders. Vertical ground reaction force data were analysed with respect to the lead limb (i.e. the limb stepping off the raised platform first) and trail limb. Peak forces and loading rates of each limb were calculated. The absolute time differential between the two limbs at initial ground contact and takeoff were determined. The frequency of symmetrical landing and taking off with “both limbs together” were counted using 3 time windows. Results showed that the lead limb displayed higher peak forces and loading rates than the trail limb across all heights (p <.05). As drop height increased, the absolute time differentials decreased at initial ground contact (p <.001) but increased at takeoff (p =.035). The greater the preset time window, the more landings and takeoffs were classified as bilaterally symmetrical. In conclusion, higher drop heights allowed subjects to become more bilaterally symmetrical in the timing of landing but this reduction in temporal asymmetry did not accompany with any reduction in kinetic asymmetry.     

长春市中小学生视觉选择反应时的动态分析比较研究

通过对长春市7～15岁男女中小学生视觉选择反应时的测试,找出男女生在7～15岁期间视觉选择反应时的变化特点,及其两者之间的差异性和共同性,为今后体育教学按着儿童少年视觉选择反应速度的变化规律,安排适宜的教学内容和实施因材施教的原则提供科学依据。实验结果表明:长春市男女中小学生视觉选择反应速度快速增长期段增长幅度具有一定的差异,男女生视觉选择反应速度快速增长与负增长次数及总体增长幅度具有一致性。     

运动员心理疲劳对情绪图片性质判断影响的电生理学特征

探讨运动员心理疲劳组与运动员无心理疲劳组在心境状态与情绪反应上的操作成绩是否相同,电生理学指标LPP在不同的脑区的表现是否相同。选取国际标准情绪图片系统的图片,采用等概率呈现的感知范式,使用MBI-GS量表中文修订版筛选出运动员心理疲劳组和运动员无心理疲劳组,并进行情绪图片性质判断作业,同时收集ERPs脑电数据。结果:行为实验结果表明,运动员无心理疲劳组情绪图片性质判断结果差异不显著(P>0.05);运动员心理疲劳组情绪图片性质判断结果差异显著(P<0.05)。ERPs结果表明,在顶区左部/中部/右部,运动员无心理疲劳组的LPP(400～600ms)平均幅值均差异显著(P<0.05),而运动员心理疲劳组的LPP(400～600ms)平均幅值差异均不显著(P>0.05)。结论:运动员心理疲劳在心境状态上表现为负性,而在情绪反应上表现为对正性和负性的去敏感化;与运动员无心理疲劳组相比,运动员心理疲劳组的LPP(400～600ms)平均幅值在顶区左/中/右部表现出差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

Kinetic analysis of the lower limbs in baseball tee batting

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of the ground reaction forces on the rotation of the body as a whole and on the joint torques of the lower limbs associated with trunk and pelvic rotation in baseball tee batting. A total of 22 male collegiate baseball players participated in this study. Three-dimensional coordinate data were acquired by a motion capture system (250 Hz), and ground reaction forces of both legs were measured with three force platforms (1,000 Hz). Kinetic data were used to calculate the moment about the vertical axis through the body’s centre of mass resulting from ground reaction forces, as well as to calculate the torque and mechanical work in the lower limb joints. The lateral/medial ground reaction force generated by both legs resulted in the large whole body moment about its vertical axis. The joint torques of flexion/extension of both hips, adduction of the stride hip and extension of the stride knee produced significantly larger mechanical work than did the other joint torques. To obtain high bat-head speed, the batter should push both legs in the lateral/medial direction by utilising both hips and stride knee torques so as to increase the whole body rotation.     

论竞技体育的亮剑精神与战斗意志

运用文献资料、案例分析等方法,对亮剑精神与战斗意志的内涵,在竞技赛场上的综合表现及其影响因素进行分析,认为:亮剑精神与战斗意志是相辅相成的,战斗意志的形成需要亮剑精神的支撑,而亮剑精神的培养使得战斗意志得以升华。运动员在竞技赛场上能否充分发挥亮剑精神与战斗意志,对创造优异运动成绩,提高运动竞技水平起着关键性的作用。从亮剑精神的影响因素中,挖掘出促使运动员重新审视亮剑精神的视角,进而促进亮剑精神在竞技赛场上更好地展现,并引发运动员对于亮剑精神和战斗意志更高层次的思考。     

构筑思维测量新体系的路径及法测

从思维链本身的结构来探索信息输入、加工、储存、输出整个过程的思维物化和量化的可能性：借助心理测量学的经典学说，对思维测量尤其是创造性思维的量化路径、量化对象、测量法则等问题进行了系统的阐述，研讨了思维测量的标准化手段和技术。本还以世界科技的发展为思维测量学的宏观背景，指出未来思维测量的突破方向，构筑新的思维测量体系。     

运动员应激反应诊断和控制的研究及应用

在反馈控制原理基础上提出了一个运动员应激反应诊断和控制系统的理论设想,并用实验方法对应激反应诊断和控制监测指标的性质、特点、系统效果等进行了长期跟踪研究,为解决运动员应激反应诊断和控制问题探索了新途径。     

对百米途中跑后蹬阶段技术的生物力学研究

根据认可的权威性实验图表分析百米途中跑后蹬阶段后蹬腿产生后蹬力和后蹬腿各个关节角度的变化，得出：后蹬阶段后蹬腿产生后蹬力使人体获得的支撑反作用力对人体运动的作用，包括人体作向前上方加速运动时期；人体作垂直方向惯性运动、作水平方向加速运动时期。在脚离地时相后蹬腿没有充分蹬直，是由于后蹬腿如果继续后蹬，后蹬腿产生后蹬力使人体获得的支撑反作用力小于空气阻力，人体无加速运动。百米途中跑后蹬阶段人体重心最低点是在人体重心在支撑垂直上方时相。