从SCOAP3模式看图书馆资源建设的范式转变

介绍SCOAP3资助联盟将高能物理学术论文转为开放出版的基本模式、内容范围和运行机制,指出它所代表的开放出版资助方式更适合数字网络时代,能更有效、更经济地保障知识获取,强调这种模式同样服务于图书馆保障信息获取的本质目标,并为图书馆扩展信息服务、提高自身地位和作用提供新的空间。     

基于LMDI模型的金砖五国二氧化碳排放成本及其影响因素比较研究

作为世界重要的工业经济体,金砖五国温室气体排放对区域环境质量具有决定性影响,而现有文献对五国碳排放的比较研究不足。本文运用LMDI模型,探究1992-2012年影响五国CO₂排放成本的主要因素,并比较分析了五国关键影响因素存在差异的原因。主要结论为：①单位CO₂排放成本和人均GDP增长显著提高了五国CO₂排放成本;能源强度下降有助于降低俄罗斯、南非、中国、印度CO₂排放成本;②油气消费量上升提高了巴西和南非CO₂排放成本;煤炭和石油消费量下降有助于降低俄罗斯CO₂排放成本;而大规模的化石能源消费对提高中国和印度CO₂排放成本的作用更明显;③综合对五国CO₂排放成本关键影响因素的分析,提升减排技术水平、完善工业减排机制、优化能源结构是降低单位CO₂排放成本、CO₂排放量和能源强度的重要途径,有助于控制CO₂排放成本。     

不同地区城镇居民收入对食品消费水足迹的影响——基于QUAIDS模型

食品消费需求通过食品供给影响农业水资源消耗。本文首先构建了基于QUAIDS模型的居民收入影响人均食品水足迹的理论框架,然后分析食品消费结构及其水足迹变化,其次对食品水足迹收入弹性进行测算与地区比较,最后模拟居民收入和食品价格对人均食品水足迹的影响。主要研究结论为：①随着收入增加,各类食品消费量不断增长,而瓜果、乳品等高水足迹食品消费量增速较快,二者使得2012年人均食品水足迹达到521.0m³,其中东北和中部人均食品水足迹增长速度最快;②西、中、东北和东部食品水足迹收入弹性分别为0.754、0.726、0.708和0.670,其中粮食、肉类和瓜果水足迹价格弹性相对较大;③居民收入和肉类等食品价格同时增加一定比例,人均食品水足迹增长水平较低,表明收入增长下部分食品的价格上涨有利于农业水资源可持续利用。此外,2016年人均食品水足迹实际值和模拟值对比表明,较大样本量下利用QUAIDS模型得到的模拟结果较准确。     

突发医暴事件舆论情感能量域空间模型构建

[目的/意义]医暴舆论空间积聚的情感能量推动观点衍化并深刻影响事件发展趋势,识别不同维度的情感认知且关注能量特征可有效循迹医患冲突的情感焦点。[方法/过程]以情感维度为能量源、情感能量特征为能量波构建医暴舆论情感能量域空间模型,能量源基于关键词云划分为自我认知、民生民意、社会发展三大维度,能量波以各认知维度的情感倾向、情感强度与扩散速度综合刻画能量趋势,最终依据能量域模型立体剖析突发医暴事件舆论空间。[结果/结论]结果显示,能量域空间模型能够真实反映医暴舆论情感演化趋势;各能量源均持续积聚负向情感能量;民生民意为医暴舆论的情感焦点。     

Comparative evaluation of heart rate-based monitors: Apple Watch vs Fitbit Charge HR

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the validity of energy expenditure (EE), steps, and heart rate measured with the Apple Watch 1 and Fitbit Charge HR. Thirty-nine healthy adults wore the two monitors while completing a semi-structured activity protocol consisting of 20 minutes of sedentary activity, 25 minutes of aerobic exercise, and 25 minutes of light intensity physical activity. Criterion measures were obtained from an Oxycon Mobile for EE, a pedometer for steps, and a Polar heart rate strap worn on the chest for heart rate. For estimating whole-trial EE, the mean absolute percent error (MAPE) from Fitbit Charge HR (32.9%) was more than twice that of Apple Watch 1 (15.2%). This trend was consistent for the individual conditions. Both monitors accurately assessed steps during aerobic activity (MAPE_Apple: 6.2%; MAPE_Fitbit: 9.4%) but overestimated steps in light physical activity. For heart rate, Fitbit Charge HR produced its smallest MAPE in sedentary behaviors (7.2%), followed by aerobic exercise (8.4%), and light activity (10.1%). The Apple Watch 1 had stronger validity than the Fitbit Charge HR for assessing overall EE and steps during aerobic exercise. The Fitbit Charge HR provided heart rate estimates that were statistically equivalent to Polar monitor.     

A comparison of the agreement,internal consistency,and 2-day test stability of the InBody 720, GE iDXA,and BOD POD® gold standard for assessing body composition

The study compared the agreement, internal consistency, and measurement stability of the GE iDXA, BOD POD, and InBody 720. Body composition of 43 men and 37 women (31.4 ± 10.7 years; 90% Caucasian and 10% other) was assessed in triplicate using each method over two different days. Mean percent body fat (% BF) of the participants was different for all three machines (27.6 ± 10.0% [GE iDXA)] 25.6 ± 10.4% [BOD POD], and 21.3 ± 10.6% [InBody 720]; p < .05). The coefficient of variation for same day repeated measures was 1.06% (GE iDXA), 3.29% (BOD POD), and 2.97% (InBody 720). The coefficient of variation for 2-day repeated measures was 1.81% (GE iDXA), 4.61% (BOD POD), and 4.24% (InBody 720). The difference between the GE iDXA and BOD POD was within acceptable variability, while the InBody 720 significantly underestimated % BF. The internal consistency was highest for the GE iDXA, followed by the InBody 720, and then the BOD POD.     

Integrating structural tensions into technological innovation systems analysis: Application to the case of transmission interconnections and renewable electricity in Nova Scotia,Canada

This paper augments the technological innovation systems (TIS) framework to provide policy guidance on how to manage interactions between a core technology and its larger sectoral context. A TIS development cycle is presented that combines the TIS framework’s ability to clearly illuminate policy gaps with Erik Dahmén’s idea that technological diffusion creates structural tensions that introduce transformation pressure. This pressure can result in stagnation and unrealized development potential or spur sectoral complementarities and the evolution of a TIS into a larger “development block” of interlinked technological systems. Integrating structural tensions into TIS analysis highlights how the evolution of a focal technology induces technological complementarities and creates a need to continuously re-design policies. This underscores the continued benefit of a technology system perspective, even as a technology matures.The revised TIS framework is applied to a case study of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia that explores how variable renewable electricity diffusion introduces structural tensions with existing electricity grids, requiring the use of complementary technologies that add storage and flexibility. Nova Scotia aggressively developed wind energy and built a high-voltage direct-current transmission line to import hydroelectricity that could back-up variable renewable energy sources like wind.     

Energy Internet forums as acceleration phase transition intermediaries

Citizen users play important roles in the acceleration phase of energy transitions, during which small-scale renewable energy technologies (S-RET) become taken up more widely. From users’ perspective, turning the early, and typically slow, proliferation into a more rapid and widespread diffusion requires not only the adoption of S-RET but also the adaptation, adjustment, intermediation and advocacy of S-RETs. These activities become necessary because S-RET face a variety of market, institutional, cultural and environmental conditions in different countries. New Internet-based energy communities have emerged and acted as key user-side transition intermediaries that catalyse these activities by qualifying market information, articulating demand and helping citizen users to reconfigure the standard technology to meet the specificities of different local contexts. In doing so, Internet communities foster an appreciatively critical discourse on technology. Such user intermediation is important in expanding the markets for S-RET beyond that of enthusiasts, environmentalists and other early adopters, to the early majority of adopters who demand more exposure, clearer information and less uncertainty about new technology options.     

Energy,macronutrient and water intake during a mountain ultramarathon event: The influence of distance

Adequate dietary strategies are essential for the successful participation in ultra-endurance races. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the energy and water intakes of participants during three different mountain ultra-endurance runs. The study took place at the “Ultra Mallorca Serra de Tramuntana” (Mallorca, Spain), an ultra-endurance mountain event with runners participating either in a 44-km (Marathon, n = 51), a 67-km (Trail, n = 109) or a 112-km (Ultra, n = 53) run competition. Participants in the study answered a questionnaire focused on the nutritional intake within an hour after finishing the competition. Mean energy intake during the competitions was 183 kcal · h^¯1, with an average carbohydrate intake of 31 g · h^¯1 (52.1% of participants consumed less than 30 g · h^¯1). No significant differences between competitions were found in these parameters. However, a higher percentage of energy from lipids in participants in the Trail and the Ultra was found (P = 0.034). Furthermore, significant differences were observed in water intake per hour of competition (P = 0.039), with the lowest value for the intake during the Ultra competition. In conclusion, the majority of the participants in the study present low carbohydrate intakes. However, fluid intake seems to be adequate. Different distances did not significantly influence the participants’ nutritional strategies.     

LED照明与弱光聚集单体双向灯具二次配光设计

提出利用灯具空间结构双向调控光能、单个体多功能的光学设计新理念,构造矩形复合抛物面作为灯具灯罩、LED反光杯、太阳能聚光杯。在照明方面很好地满足了关于A、AA级的照度和照度均匀度要求;在弱光聚集方面,其太阳能芯片位置的照度是不经聚光情况的1.25倍;在聚光模式下,太阳能芯片的光伏转化效率是非聚光模式下的1.62倍。该矩形复合抛物面的设计双向提升了以往被忽略的灯罩结构的空间利用率,是对当前市面上非聚光模式收集太阳能产品设计的有效补充。