涂尔干人性论思想探析

涂尔干反对人性一元论,主张人性两重性,认为人性是由个体存在和社会存在组成。为了祛除个体和社会的张力,涂尔干尝试用社会决定论来构建个人主义,提出了以道德个人主义为理性表现形式的人性宗教。涂尔干的人性论思想正是其社会学思想形成的基础。     

“数学确定性批判”之思

在数学思想的历史发展过程中,某些属于旧形而上学的认识论观点被摧毁了,如欧氏几何的普适真理性、数学真理的先验性以及数学真理体系的封闭性等,这也是M·克莱因的所谓数学确定性丧失概念的含义.但柳劲松先生在《数学确定性批判》中对数学确定性的具体批判,却多属于误识或无意义的概念游戏,此类批判无益于数学的学习和发展.     

Information determinism: The consequences of the faith in information

We identify and examine the assumption of information determinism that is commonplace in policy arenas: that mere access to the “right information” will precipitate desired actions. Our analysis focuses on implications of information determinism in three cases: California disaster response plans in the 1980s, an Indian development project in the 1990s, and an education project directed at the Global South in the 2000s. Our analyses shows that planning based on information deterministic assumptions tends to overlook the sociomaterial circumstances of information production and circulation, including how social structures and materiality shape information in practice. Further, they imbue what we call “information” with the agency to bring about change. While we do not deny that “information” can be useful, we argue that policy needs to move away from information deterministic thinking and its singular focus on information access to address the needs of marginalized and vulnerable populations.     

The real effects of pseudo forces

A clear comprehension of the Newtonian notion of force remains elusive to many students due to lack of experience with observations in a noninertial frame of reference. In this article is described a software that can be easily run on a desktop computer and which acquaints the student user with the Newtonian notion of force. Fundamental principles of causality and determinism in Newtonian mechanics are elucidated.     

自由意志是一个幻觉吗?——基于加扎尼加的突现路径

自由意志是一个幻觉吗?我们的行为以及做出怎样去行动的决定是如何实现的呢?自由意志问题关系到对人的自我的理解,尤其是关系到对人在宇宙中的地位的理解。现代神经科学的发展正在努力通过实验对自由意志问题下定论——即大脑活动先于有意识的思考。但是,要明确的是在神经科学出现惊人进步之前,对整个大脑机制的解释仍是有争议的。文章基于对目前困境的分析,详细探讨了加扎尼加自由意志的突现思想,这是有别于传统路径的研究,是在基于脑裂研究的基础上,提出自由意志是大脑复杂系统通过自我组织的一种新特性的突现,通过借助脑结构和脑组织的动态分析以及复杂系统的突现来以一种新的路径阐释自由意志,对自由意志及相关理论的研究具有十分重要的意义。     

On the cause of university students＇ cheating phenomenon from the perspective of Albert Bandura＇s reciprocal determinism

In recent years, ＂cheating＂ becomes a prevalent social phenomenon among the university students, which result in a bad influence to the quality of higher education, to the healthy growth of the university students, and to the social morale. To solve this problem, the key is to scoop out the root reason and get rid of it thoroughly. The emergence of cheating comes from various reasons, this paper is supposed to make an objective, systematic and dialectic analysis basing on Albert Bandura＇s reciprocal determinism.     

西方数学学习性别差异研究述评

数学学习性别差异是西方教育理论研究的热点问题之一.这一课题的研究在国际上已取得很多重要成果,这些研究结论不尽相同,甚至对立,如:男生比女生在数学学习方面占优势;男女生在数学学习方面各有优势;男女生在数学学习方面无显著差异等.有的学者从男女先天的智力和生理特征的角度解释造成差异的原因;有的学者从自我信念体系、社会文化及学校因素、教师观念、家长观念解释造成差异的原因.为了平衡数学学习中的性别差异,我们应树立性别平等意识、实施单一性别教育,开展"因性施教"的教学方式.     

Social technologies for online learning: theoretical and contextual issues

Three exemplars are presented of social technologies deployed in educational contexts: wikis; a photo-sharing environment; and a social bookmarking tool. Students were found to engage with the technologies selectively, sometimes rejecting them, in the light of their prior conceptions of education. Some students (a minority in all the studies) were unsympathetic to the educational philosophy underpinning the technology’s adoption. The paper demonstrates, through an examination of in-context use, the importance of sociocultural factors in relation to education, and the non-deterministic nature of educational technology. The academic study of technology has increasingly called into question the deterministic views which are so pervasive in popular discourse and among policy-makers. Instead, sociocultural factors play a crucial role in shaping and defining technology and educational technology is no exception, as the examples in the paper show. The paper concludes by drawing out some implications of the examples for the use of social technologies in education.     

试析《嘉利妹妹》中的非道德态度

德莱塞在《嘉利妹妹》中的"非道德态度",体现了他的客观现实主义创作风格、决定论的自然主义思想倾向和人道主义的思想内涵,表明了作者对宗教道德观的摒弃以及新道德寻求和思索的过程。尽管德莱塞这种非道德态度有其一定的局限性,但它在客观上批判了资本主义形成、发展时期对人性、人的生存意义的剥夺。     

论后期创造社的实践观及其实践之维的沦陷

后期创造社是中国最早系统性提倡无产阶级革命文学的重要社团,但其主力成员大都修习哲学和社会学专业出身,而并非专门的文学家。学界对后期创造社革命文学理论的认识,仍基本来源于他们的文学理论文章,而对他们同期所创作的数量不少的哲学论文缺少关注。事实上,对后期创造社的文学思想以及他们深度介人的“革命文学”论争,如果不能辅之以考察他们在其他领域的理论作品,就不能获得更全面和深入的认识。论文集中于后期创造社所重点提倡的理论与实践的辩证统一理论展开考察,辨析了后期创造社实践观的基本内涵及其内含的逻辑缺陷。