反思型教师：教师形象演变的新取向

本文阐述了从“经验型教师”到“反思型教师”的演变历程，探讨了教师形象背后的教育理念与价值观念的变迁。经验型教师严重依赖经验与技术，反思型教师则是对经验型教师的超越，体现了后现代主义视野内人们对现代范式下经验型教师的批判与解构，预示着教师形象演变的新取向。     

Connections between learning and teaching: EFL teachers’ reflective practice

This study explores six Vietnamese, English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ reflections on their experiences of English language learning during the early 1980s to the late 1990s. Data collected in narrative interviews with the participating teachers revealed a wide range of issues that arose during their EFL learning, central to which was the prevalence of grammar-focused practices in all EFL classes. From their perspectives as EFL teachers today, the participants see their learning experience as a way of learning to teach. In particular, they pinpoint the negative aspects of language teaching at that time in the hope that their teaching practice today will not repeat the same mistakes. However, they also reflect on positive aspects, especially their influential teachers, to inform their teaching. Based on the findings, the study suggests that language teachers’ experience of language learning should be considered part of reflective teaching as well as of teachers’ trajectories of learning to teach.     

The reflective institution: Assuring and enhancing the quality of teaching and learning

Three definitions of ``quality' have entered the qualityassurance (QA) debate: quality as value for money, quality as fitfor the purpose of the institution, quality as transforming. The firstis pivotal for retrospective QA, which sees QA in terms ofaccountability, and conforming to externally imposed standards. The lasttwo are pivotal for prospective QA, which sees QA asmaintaining and enhancing the quality of teaching and learning in theinstitution. In this paper, the reflective practitioner is taken as themodel for prospective QA. Three stages are involved in institutionalreflective practice: articulating an espoused theory of teaching, thequality model (QM); continually improving on current practicethrough quality enhancement (QE), in which staff development should playan important role; and making quality feasible (QF), by removingimpediments to good teaching, which often arise through distortedpriorities in institutional policy and procedures. These three stages,QM, QE, and QF, are essential ingredients in prospective QA.     

从听课评估向教师自我反思模式的转化

以听课评估教师的传统作法已逐显其弊端，本文提出应以“自我反思实践”为指导，促使教师贯彻学生参与，活动方式和信息输出三项最大化原则，从而达到提高教学质量，完善教师评估体系的目的。     

技术理性与反思性实践:美国两种教师教育观之比较

本文简述了基于技术理性主义和反思性实践的两种教师教育观。从技术理性主义和反思性实践认识论、行为主义和认知心理学、要素主义和进步主义以及批判理论等几方面分析了两种教师教育观的理论基础。并从教学观与教师观、教师资格能力、教师教育计划与课程、以及评价观等纬度对两种教师教育观的核心要素进行了比较。     

反射变换及其性质

本给出了反射变换的概念，讨论了反射变换的性质。     

Assessing the unassessable: making learning visible in undergraduates’ experiences of scientific research

We suggest that academics involved in the provision of research experiences to undergraduate science students may benefit by reconceptualising these experiences as work-based learning. In particular, drawing on the widespread use of reflective practice in work-based learning allows for a more effective focus on process-related learning. We describe an empirical study involving the implementation of reflective blogs in which science students responded to prompt questions designed to focus their attention on how their project was progressing, the process of research and their own learning. The blogs reveal examples of students engaging in independent thinking, creative thinking and developing a sense of themselves as scientists, all qualities valued by supervisors. They also show how these combine as ‘wicked competences’ that allow students to address the complex problems and uncertainties of research. We identify characteristic patterns of reflection that indicate the exercise of such competences and suggest that these could be used as explicit evidence by academics making judgements for assessment purposes.     

What is normal,true, and right: a critical discourse analysis of students’ written resistance strategies on LGBTQ topics

This study examines how students perform resistance to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer topics in their written reflections in a higher education diversity course. Using a three-tiered critical discourse analysis , this article maps students’ resistant textual devices in their written reflections, analyzes the institutional setting of the course, and examines how the larger social discourse plays an important role. Findings suggest that students engage in resistance and (re)produce oppressive discourse in part due to the institutional and larger social discourse of the course and the topic. Implications suggest the need to promote to course instructors how language can (re)position students in a place of privilege.     

谈英语教师反思型教学

教师是影响教学改革的关键因素之一。英语教师不能仅凭所学的语言知识和基本教学技能从事教学,必须在具体的教学环境中不断地进行反思,才能把理论和实践有效地结合起来,成为问题的解决者和决策的制定者,并且借此可加强教师职业的专业化,进一步提高专业技能。