技术理性与反思性实践:美国两种教师教育观之比较

本文简述了基于技术理性主义和反思性实践的两种教师教育观。从技术理性主义和反思性实践认识论、行为主义和认知心理学、要素主义和进步主义以及批判理论等几方面分析了两种教师教育观的理论基础。并从教学观与教师观、教师资格能力、教师教育计划与课程、以及评价观等纬度对两种教师教育观的核心要素进行了比较。     

论课程知识的选择——基于布尔迪厄的课程观

通过分析法国著名的社会学大师布尔迪厄《教育、社会和文化再生产》一书中阐述的理论，即从人类学、民族学和社会学的整合视野，提出的崭新的文化实践及其文化再生产理论，提出课程是一种文化资本、一种文化专断和一种反思性实践的课程观，认为其对于我们今天课程知识的选择有一定的启示。     

反射变换及其性质

本给出了反射变换的概念，讨论了反射变换的性质。     

Assessing the unassessable: making learning visible in undergraduates’ experiences of scientific research

We suggest that academics involved in the provision of research experiences to undergraduate science students may benefit by reconceptualising these experiences as work-based learning. In particular, drawing on the widespread use of reflective practice in work-based learning allows for a more effective focus on process-related learning. We describe an empirical study involving the implementation of reflective blogs in which science students responded to prompt questions designed to focus their attention on how their project was progressing, the process of research and their own learning. The blogs reveal examples of students engaging in independent thinking, creative thinking and developing a sense of themselves as scientists, all qualities valued by supervisors. They also show how these combine as ‘wicked competences’ that allow students to address the complex problems and uncertainties of research. We identify characteristic patterns of reflection that indicate the exercise of such competences and suggest that these could be used as explicit evidence by academics making judgements for assessment purposes.     

The Use of Reflective Journals in Initial Teacher Training

The intention of this article is to examine the role of reflective journals in Initial Teacher Training courses, and, in particular, how they can enable students to develop critical independence for professional self-appraisal. It explores the value of journal writing in the process of learning about teaching by reproducing an edited extract of one PGCE (Post-Graduate Certificate in Education) student's course journal, and by offering both a student's and a tutor's perspective of the significance of the journal.     

Patterns of Instructional-design Factors Prompting Reflective Thinking in Middle-school and College Level Problem-based Learning Environments

Reflective-thinking skills are important in problem-based learning environments as they help learners become deeply engaged in learning. The literature suggests several instructional-design factors (e.g., environment, teaching methods, scaffolding tools) that may prompt reflection in learners. However, it is unclear whether these factors differ based on age or developmental stage. The results of this study indicate that middle-school students perceive the learning environment factor as more important to prompting their thinking, while college students perceive the scaffolding methods factor as more important. While the elements clustered into two factors, most college students disagreed with their helpfulness in prompting reflective thinking, a finding opposite to that obtained for middle-school students. Different patterns were also found between learners’ perceptions of the most helpful elements within each factor. Based on these results, suggestions are given for designing developmentally and age-appropriate PBL learning environments that support reflective thinking.     

教师的反思性教学与学生的反思主体地位

反思性教学是现代教育改革中迅速兴起的一种教学理论思潮。它一方面通过反思活动使教师逐步成熟获得全面发展，另一方面要求学生也成为反思实践。在反思活动中，学生的元学习能力得到发展，从而主动进入深层学习并取得高效的学习结果。培养学生成为反思主体是教学过程中教师的一项重要职责。     

反思性教学与教师专业化发展关系综述

通过调查和分析国内近六年来关于反思性教学与教师专业化发展关系的研究,归纳出研究所取得的成果及不足之处,并提出相关建议。     

What is normal,true, and right: a critical discourse analysis of students’ written resistance strategies on LGBTQ topics

This study examines how students perform resistance to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer topics in their written reflections in a higher education diversity course. Using a three-tiered critical discourse analysis , this article maps students’ resistant textual devices in their written reflections, analyzes the institutional setting of the course, and examines how the larger social discourse plays an important role. Findings suggest that students engage in resistance and (re)produce oppressive discourse in part due to the institutional and larger social discourse of the course and the topic. Implications suggest the need to promote to course instructors how language can (re)position students in a place of privilege.     

Persona-Based Journaling: Striving for Authenticity in Representing the Problem-Solving Process

Students’ mathematical problem-solving experiences are fraught with failed attempts, wrong turns, and partial successes that move in fits and jerks, oscillating between periods of inactivity, stalled progress, rapid advancement, and epiphanies. Students’ problem-solving journals, however, do not always reflect this rather organic process. Without proper guidance, some students tend to ‘smooth’ out their experiences and produce journal writing that is less reflective of the process and more representative of their product. In this article, I present research on the effectiveness of a persona-based framework for guiding students’ journaling to reflect the erratic to-and-fro of the problem-solving process more accurately. This framework incorporates the use of three personas—the narrator, the mathematician, and the participant—in telling the tale of the problem-solving process. Results indicate that this persona-based framework is effective in producing more representative journals.