Faculty and Male Football and Basketball Players on University Campuses

Abstract

Four experiments examined the influence of observing a correct model (CM), a learning sequence model (LSM), and an incorrect model (IM) on the performance of two motor skills. The results of experiment 1 showed that the CM and LSM conditions facilitated performance on the first 10 trails, but not thereafter when compared to the IM group and a control group. Experiment 2 showed that performance estimation was improved by observing the CM and LSM conditions, indicating that information was conveyed by observing these models. Experiment 3 revealed pronounced modeling effects on a difficult motor skill for the CM and LSM conditions which were sustained throughout the 60 practice trials. Experiment 4 showed no differences in performance between a live model demonstrating correctly and a filmed model demonstrating correctly. The findings from the 4 experiments were discussed in terms of the information conveyed through observation and its function in the development of the cognitive components of a motor skill.     

Teacher Perceptions of a Physical Education Statewide Assessment Program

Abstract

A statewide program assessment was established to make positive change in physical education school programs in South Carolina. Reform efforts depend both on balancing accountability for change and teacher support for change (Odden &Anderson, 1986). The purpose of the study was to determine teacher perceptions of the South Carolina Physical Education Assessment Program and its effects across six related themes including: changes in teaching and learning, changes in curriculum and instruction, teacher awareness of the assessment program, teacher support for the program, work place conditions, and the advocacy role of the program. It was also the purpose of this study to determine if the survey responses were in any way related to teacher and school variables. The overall results of the study indicated positive change and support for the assessment program, supporting the viability of the standards, assessment, and accountability reform effort to positively impact physical education programs.     

What spurs curriculum making in physical education? Four narratives of experienced teachers

Anchored in the narrative inquiry tradition, this paper examines commonly held motives about curriculum making from the perspectives of four experienced physical education teachers in Korea. Field texts were collected throughout by employing narrative research tools such as in-depth interviews, focus groups, class observations and documents analyses, and transformed into research texts using broadening, burrowing, and storying and restorying as suggested by Connelly and Clandinin. For experienced physical educators, this paper illuminates what motivates curriculum making as a narrative phenomenon storied and restoried over time. Different stories produced different motives of curriculum making, and a number of issues related to teacher development for curriculum making emerged.     

Regulation and deregulation in education policy: new reforms and school sports in Swedish upper secondary education

During the 1990s, neoliberal reforms in Sweden increased local school actors' possibilities to develop school profiles regarding both organization and content. This restructuring has increased the total number of school sports programs as well as the possibilities for upper secondary schools and sports clubs to develop elite and amateur sports on a local level. In a new educational reform, the Swedish Government criticizes parts of the Swedish school sports system. The Government believes that the majority of local school sports programs and courses obstruct the maintenance of national equivalence, that upper secondary schools use school sports to attract pupils for economic reasons and that some pupils involved in school sports may fail to reach the academic or vocational goals of regular upper secondary education. Using critical discourse analysis, the present paper illustrates how educational policies are linked to wider symbolic meaning systems in an attempt to legitimize, define and organize upper secondary schools and to characterize pupils as either eligible or ineligible to participate in school sports. The analyses are based on various types of empirical data: policy documents, official letters from the sports movement on the government bill and in-depth interviews. The results indicate that the reform represents a shift in the policy rhetoric: from a normative rhetoric highlighting pupils' social and emotional reasons for choosing school sports, to a rational rhetoric emphasizing efficiency, standardization and regulation of pupils' educational choices. Using school sports as an example, the paper shows how the main aim of the reform—to raise educational standards and maintain national equivalence—is achieved through social differentiation, meaning that pupils with the right performance indicators are selected for participation in programs to which they are suited.     

以就业为导向的高职英语专业教学改革

“以就业为导向”的高职高专教学应区别于普通高校的“学科型”教学。高职英语师范类教学应始终贯彻“以就业为导向”的指导思想,突出职教特色,从“学以致用”的教学理念出发,采用任务型教学方法,建立多样化的评价体系,提高学生的专业素质和就业能力,以满足市场对高职英语师范类人才的需求标准。     

增强大学生体质的高校体育教学改革

针对目前大学生体质现状以及高校体育教学中存在的问题,建议高校体育教学改革应从以下几个方面入手:教学内容的选择上,应兼顾大学生兴趣,着重发展心肺功能;教学组织形式的安排上,应依据大学生运动能力差异,开展分层次教学;教学评价的方法上,应考虑大学生运动能力的进步幅度;加强体育理论课教学,为大学生课余锻炼提供科学理论指导.     

中国体育制度之伤--《李元伟篮坛风云路》和《忠诚无悔：我与中国足球》的对比思考

通过对中国篮坛和足坛前掌门人李元伟与阎世铎的传记(《李元伟篮坛风云路》和《忠诚无悔：我与中国足球》)从上任与卸任、与媒体打交道、外教及执教环境以及危机处理4个方面的对比分析,得出以下结论：1)“民间传言+私露口风+正式委任”的任命机制,存在太多主观因素,从长远看不利于篮球、足球发展;2)“管办不分”一定程度上阻碍了篮、足球职业化改革进程;3)篮、足球管理仍以“人治”为主,缺乏“法制”根基。我国足球、篮球运动发展的不同轨迹表明,在改革中谋求发展,在发展中推进改革,是中国体育体制改革必由之路。     

浅析“教学做一体”教学模式在《韩语写作课程》上的应用

为了打破传统的“一言堂”教学模式,近几年在国内高职院校悄然兴起了“教学做一体”教学模式改革。这是中国学习德国职业教育模式后,对中国高职院校教学方法的深度改革。每个教学方法都有它自己的优点和缺点,本文深度分析了《韩语写作课程》引进“教学做一体”教学模式后的教学效果,探讨这一教学模式的优缺点。     

论教育改革中教师的“被培训”

对教师进行改革培训被认为是增强教师改革意愿、推进教育改革、促进教师发展的重要方式。面对大规模的改革培训,部分教师常常将其作为一种迫于外在压力被迫参与或者是出于功利目的的应急性任务。教师对待改革的功利立场,现有教师专业发展模式与教育改革理念间的落差,防教师的教育文化等是导致教育改革中教师被培训的主要原因。改善教师被培训的这种情形,本文从明确教育改革的道德目标、培养培训者和教师的转化意识、培育教师理论自觉、提升教师改革能力等方面提出了改进建议。     

从规模扩张到结构优化:教育结构的战略性调整

教育结构调整在教育发展方式转变中具有战略意义。目前,我国的教育结构在类别、专业、布局和英才教育体系等方面存在诸多问题。本文针对教育结构中存在的问题提出了相应的解决策略,建议提高职业型、应用型、非正规教育在教育体系中的结构比例,注重不同层级教育在专业设置上的衔接性,将英才教育纳入教育体系,发挥政府的统筹作用,加强对教育结构调整的预测性研究。