论外语多媒体教学设计的经济原则

经济原则揭示了外语多媒体课件内部在媒体形式和结构方面的简约规律,反映了多媒体形式表达意义、实现交际功能的节省原则,体现了认知媒体形式的省力原则,对外语多媒体教学设计具有重要的应用价值。那么,经济原则如何在外语多媒体教学设计中得到体现和应用?从认知理论和语篇关联理论中可以得到很大的启示。     

股份制改造过程中存在的问题与对策

发展股份制经济,建立证券市场,在筹集建设资金、转换企业机制、分散金融风险、优化资源配置方面取得了重大成就,但是也存在不少问题亟待解决。     

商业银行外汇产品的人民币汇率风险及其防范

人民币汇率形成机制改革使商业银行已有的外汇产品的人民币汇率风险显性化、日常化，商业银行利用金融衍生工具规避外汇产品的人民币汇率风险非常必要，也具有可行性。     

重视现金流量表,规避投资风险

多数投资者在使用会计报表时，偏重于对企业净利润及每股收益的比较和分析，忽视现金流量所提供的信息，只有将现金流量表和资产负债表、利润表所提供的财务信息综合起来，注重现金流量的分析，才能够更好地了解企业的业绩，使利润分析包含有更多的重要信息，规避投资风险。     

风险治理与和谐社会的构建

社会的快速发展与变化是转型期的一个重要特征,而这一社会特征又引发另外一个问题:社会风险。社会风险是现代社会尤其是由传统走向现代社会过程中的必然产物。风险的大小与社会和谐的程度是成反比的。转型期的社会风险有两种:内生型风险和导入型风险。在中国目前表现为四种形式:经营性风险、制度性风险、结构性风险和生态性风险。要构建和谐社会,必须对社会风险进行治理,包括社会风险控制、社会风险分摊、社会风险吸纳。     

Cognitive brain potentials in kindergarten children with subtyped risks of reading retardation

Cognition-related brain responses to meaningful and meaningless figures were registered in 5-year-old kindergarten children who either had been subtyped as being at-risk of developing an L- or P-type dyslexia (LAL versus LAP) or who were not at-risk. While identifying, naming, or categorizing pictures, event-related potentials (ERP) were registered. Three cognition-related components were found: the N460, the P780, and the Slow Wave (SW). LAP-children produced weak N460 activity across tasks, whereas LAL children, and to a lesser degree, non-risk children produced robust task-dependent activity. This finding may indicate that LAP-children lack semantic input while processing the figures. P780 latencies to frequently occurring figures were found hemisphere-dependent: LAP-children showed longer latencies in the right than in the left hemisphere, whereas the distribution was reversed in the LAL and non-risk children. It was also found that the right hemisphere is generally responsible for a lion's share of the processing of figures and therefore it seems that the right hemisphere of LAP-children invests ample time in doing so. Whereas LAP-children showed largest SW amplitude differences between frequent and infrequent stimuli at posterior locations, LAL children did so at frontal locations. Assuming that the SW represents working-memory processes, it may be that working-memory in LAP-children deals with figure-relevant visual-spatial information and with figure-derived concepts in LAL children. Overall, the findings suggest that LAL and LAP represent two different groups of kindergartners at risk of dyslexia and that these differences, to some degree, fit with the presumed etiology of L- and P-type dyslexia.     

美国大学行政与商务管理中的合同责任

行政与商务管理是关国高校与学生违约诉讼的一个高发领域.1986-2000年期间,这一领域的违约指控主要来自三个方面:招生录取、学费与资助的变更以及专业学科的调整.在审理过程中,美国法院着重调查这样一些问题:高校和学生之间是否存在合同、学校是否通过免责声明保留了更改合同条款的权力、学校的决定是否具有随意或恶意的性质以及学校是否为学生提供了合理的替代选择.     

Instructor Humor as a Moderator of Instructors’ Inappropriate Conversations and Instructional Dissent

This study (N?=?326) was conducted to examine the associations among instructor humor, inappropriate conversations, and instructional dissent. First, results showed students are more likely to employ rhetorical dissent when they perceive their instructors as humorous in the classroom. Second, using expectancy violations theory as a guide, results also indicated that students’ perceptions of instructor-relevant humor moderated the relationships between enactment of inappropriate conversations and students’ expressive and vengeful dissent. These findings support the importance of employing relevant humor in course instruction, especially when instructors engage in inappropriate conversations in the college classroom.     

融资结构变迁中的金融风险研究

融资结构在经济体制改革中变迁,形成了国有商业银行为主体的融资体系,使得金融风险过分集中在信贷领域.这种融资结构的金融风险具有明显的系统性、集中性和隐蔽性特征,对社会经济危害很大.只有推进融资结构的创新,形成经济主体利益均衡的多元化融资格局,才能实现金融风险分散并改性的目标.     

MeSH and text-word search strategies: precision,recall, and their implications for library instruction

Objective:This study compared the recall and precision of MeSH-term versus text-word searching to better understand psychosocial MeSH terms and to provide guidance on whether to include both strategies in an information literacy session or how much time should be spent on teaching each search strategy.Methods:Using the relevant recall method, a total of 3,162 resources were considered and evaluated to form a gold standard set of 1,521 relevant resources. We compared resources discussing psychosocial aspects of children and adolescents living with type 1 diabetes using two search strategies: text-word strategy versus MeSH-term strategy. The frequency of MeSH terms, the MeSH hierarchy, and elements of each search strategy were also examined.Results:Using the 1,521 relevant articles, we found that the text-word search strategy had 54% recall, while the MeSH-term strategy had 75% recall. Also, the precision of the text-word strategy was 34.4%, while the precision of the MeSH-term strategy was 47.7%. Therefore, the MeSH-term search strategy yielded both greater recall and greater precision. The MeSH strategy was also more complicated in design and usage than the text-word strategy.Conclusions:This study demonstrates the effectiveness of text-word and MeSH search strategies on precision and recall. The combination of text-word and MeSH strategies is recommended to achieve the most comprehensive results. These results support the idea that MeSH or a similar controlled vocabulary should be taught to experienced and knowledgeable students and practitioners who require a myriad of resources for their literature searches.