The Teacher Behavior Inventory: validation of teacher behavior in an interactive lecture environment

Students’ rating of teacher behaviors provides valuable information on teaching improvement and instructional quality. Unfortunately, there is a lack of new validated instruments for measuring teacher behaviors. The Teacher Behaviors Inventory is an old inventory that was initially developed to measure teaching behaviors as regards lecture-based instructions, which is effected through the use of low-inference items. The aim of this study was to assess its continued suitability in the present educational setting by examining its construct validity and internal consistency through the lens of one lecturer’s teaching behaviors, as rated by 527 students after six interactive lectures. The variables evaluated, as mentioned above, were achieved after an items removal process, which resulted in a 32-item version. Apart from being valid and reliable, this condensed version allows for immediate assessment of teaching behaviors after an instruction session as the rating procedure is now more straightforward and less time-consuming, and also enables a reduction in rating errors. Therefore, the 32-item format serves as a practical diagnostic feedback tool in the present educational arena, permitting a longitudinal teaching behavior assessment to enhance teachers’ professional development.     

一种装置点火单元可靠性评估方法研究

针对一种装置点火单元的组成特点及工作特性,对影响其可靠工作的主要性能参数进行了分析,依据该性能参数的不同分布特性,提出了相应的可靠性评估方法并建立了可靠性计算模型;同时对计数法在点火单元可靠性评估中的应用特点及计算模型进行了分析;最后对不同评估方法之间的关联性和各种评估方法的适用范围进行了研究.     

从语言测试学角度试析改革后的CET考试

大学英语考试是全国性的用于评估和指导大学英语教学的标准相关常模参照性考试。它对英语的教与学既有积极的促进作用,也有着严重的负面影响。改革后的CET考试在效度、信度、难度以及可操作性上仍然存在着不可忽视的问题。CET考试不仅应信度、效度并重,还应注重考试的可操作性。此外,CET考试中,应该增设口语考试的内容,尽量做到听说读写译加权相当。     

《生物药物仪器分析》学习领域课程课业设计的探索

学习领域课程以典型工作任务为载体,其学习内容的组织形式是课业。课业是学习情境的＂物质化＂表现,课业设计在教师作用、学生地位等方面与传统实践教学有明显区别,《生物药物仪器分析》课程对此进行了实践探索。     

On the Performance of Semi- and Nonparametric Item Response Functions in Computer Adaptive Tests

Large-scale assessments often use a computer adaptive test (CAT) for selection of items and for scoring respondents. Such tests often assume a parametric form for the relationship between item responses and the underlying construct. Although semi- and nonparametric response functions could be used, there is scant research on their performance in a CAT. In this work, we compare parametric response functions versus those estimated using kernel smoothing and a logistic function of a monotonic polynomial. Monotonic polynomial items can be used with traditional CAT item selection algorithms that use analytical derivatives. We compared these approaches in CAT simulations with a variety of item selection algorithms. Our simulations also varied the features of the calibration and item pool: sample size, the presence of missing data, and the percentage of nonstandard items. In general, the results support the use of semi- and nonparametric item response functions in a CAT.     

项目无回答的成因与降低其水平的途径

本文基于两个全国概率抽样调查的实证数据,采用序列变量逻辑斯蒂回归和稳健回归的分析方法,探讨了在中国社会科学概率抽样调查中影响项目无回答的主要因素,结果发现受访人的受教育水平、城乡、地域属性和年龄是对无回答水平最稳定、最关键的影响因素。在控制了这些人群特征和题目的难度类型之后,测量指标的信度水平对无回答也具有显著的影响。根据分析结果,本文从实践的角度提出了有关降低项目无回答水平的建议。     

汽车变速器CAE仿真与试验分析

变速器作为汽车动力总成系统的关键部件,其功能的可靠、耐久的长短等性能直接影响到汽车的整体功能。CAE仿真与试验是变速箱性能验证的重要手段,通过结合设计阶段的CAE仿真与样件阶段的试验验证进行对比研究,能够使变速器在量产前完善设计,减少试验的样本量,从而实现缩短变速器设计周期和降低成本的目的。     

对《食品理化检验》实验教学改革的几点思考

《食品理化检验》是食品科学与工程专业一门实验性和应用性很强的专业基础课。但目前的实验教学中存在很多问题,如实验内容孤立、学生缺乏实际操作训练、样品分析中只重视测定环节等。为此,提出了进行教学改革的几点思考:让学生参与实验设计,充分发挥学生的主动性和创造性;让学生参与实验前期准备工作,有利于加强学生基本操作技能的训练;让学生自己进行样品制备,加强学生在样品的采集、制备与预处理、样品的保存等方面能力的训练;重视实验数据处理和实验报告的撰写。     

Validity and reliability of a linear positional transducer across commonly practised resistance training exercises

This study investigated the validity and reliability of the GymAware PowerTool (GPT). Thirteen resistance trained participants completed three visits, consisting of three repetitions of free-weight back squat, bench press, deadlift (80% one repetition maximum), and countermovement jump. Bar displacement, peak and mean velocity, peak and mean force, and jump height were calculated using the GPT, a three-dimensional motion capture system (Motion Analysis Corporation; 150 Hz), and a force plate (Kistler; 1500 Hz). Least products regression were used to compare agreeability between devices. A within-trial one-way ANOVA, typical error (TE; %), and smallest worthwhile change (SWC) were used to assess reliability. Regression analysis resulted in R² values of >0.85 for all variables excluding deadlift mean velocity (R² = 0.54–0.69). Significant differences were observed between visits 3-2 for bench press bar displacement (0.395 ± 0.055 m; 0.383 ± 0.053 m), and deadlift bar displacement (0.557 ± 0.034 m; 0.568 ± 0.034 m). No other significant differences were found. Low to moderate TE (0.6–8.8%) were found for all variables, with SWC ranging 1.7–7.4%. The data provides evidence that the GPT can be used to measure kinetic and kinematic outputs, however, care should be taken when monitoring deadlift performance.     

Can sit-to-stand muscle power explain the ability to perform functional tasks in adults with severe obesity?

This study examined the relationship between sit-to-stand (STS) power and physical function in adults with severe obesity. Thirty-eight adults (age: 44 ± 12 years; body mass index [BMI]: 45.2 ± 7.8 kg/m²) completed evaluations of STS power, strength and functional performance. STS power was measured with a wearable inertial sensor, strength was assessed with the isometric mid-thigh pull, and function was measured with the timed up-and-go (TUG), six-minute walk test (6MWT) and 30-s chair STS. Power and strength (normalised to body mass) entered regression models in addition to age, gender, BMI and physical activity (daily step count). Power displayed large univariate associations with TUG (r = 0.50) and 30-s chair STS (r = 0.67), and a moderate association with 6MWT (r = 0.49). Forward stepwise regression revealed that power independently contributed to TUG (β = ?0.40, p = 0.010), 30-s chair STS (β = 0.67, p < 0.001) and 6MWT performance (β = 0.27, p = 0.007). Power also appeared to be a superior determinant of function compared with strength. Power generated via the STS transfer largely underpins the ability to perform functional tasks in adults with severe obesity, although intervention studies are required to investigate a potentially causal relationship.