下坡跑运动对骨骼肌α7β1整合素及FAK表达的影响

通过观察下坡跑运动后α7β1整合素及FAK的表达和FAK活性的变化,探讨α7β1整合素在运动重复效应中作用机制。将32只小鼠随机分为安静对照组,运动后3 h组、24 h组、8 d组。小鼠进行一次性下坡跑运动,速度为17 m/min,坡度为-20°,时间为30 min。各组于各时刻点摘眼球取血及取双侧腓肠肌。比色法检测血清CK活性,Real-time PCR检测α7β1整合素及FAK的m RNA表达,Western blot检测α7β1整合素及p FAK397的蛋白表达。结果显示一次下坡跑运动后CK活性升高显著,且在24 h增幅增大。α7 integrin m RNA在一次运动后3 h显著增加,但在24 h变化不明显,但8 d时仍增加显著,其蛋白水平在运动后3 h显著增加,虽在24 h和8 d时升高程度逐渐降低但仍呈显著。β1 integrin m RNA在一次运动后3 h显著增加,24 h及8 d变化不明显,蛋白水平在一次运动后3 h呈显著升高,24 h升高程度增加,在8 d时回复。FAK m RNA在一次运动后3 h显著增加,24 h及8 d变化不明显,p FAK397水平在一次运动后呈现显著升高,24 h升高程度降低,8 d时基本回复。结果表明α7β1整合素-FAK信号通路介导了运动重复效应。     

The relationship between classroom quality and students’ engagement in secondary school

Student engagement has been identified as an influential mediator between classroom interactional quality and adolescent learning outcomes. This study examined the relationship between classroom quality and student behavioural engagement in secondary school classrooms. Three dimensions of classroom quality (emotional, organisational and instructional support) and the dimension of student engagement were observed in nine classrooms using the Classroom Assessment Scoring System. Self-ratings of behavioural engagement were provided by 181 Finnish secondary school students along with their teachers’ ratings of classroom-level student engagement. The results showed, first, that there was variation in both classroom quality and student behavioural engagement between the classrooms. Second, classroom organisational support was associated with observed and with teacher- and student-rated engagement, and instructional support was associated with student-rated and observed engagement. Third, emotional support did not have a direct effect on student engagement but contributed to student engagement indirectly via organisational and instructional support. There were no gender differences with respect to self-reported engagement. Class size had a positive effect on teacher-rated engagement. The results demonstrated specific associations between the domains of classroom quality and student behavioural engagement in secondary school classrooms.     

焊接机器人模块化工装组夹及复现工艺研究

焊接机器人工装组夹及产品复现在生产中是极为重要的,文章针对焊接机器人对工装精确度的要求,采用棋盘方格定位法和复现工艺,实现了焊接工装和机器人重复定位精度的要求,在多种产品上得到应用推广。     

协作研发网络成员间重复合作对二元式创新的影响——技术能力与环境动态性的调节作用

基于中国制造业119家上市公司2004—2013年非平衡面板数据,采用负二项回归模型实证检验协作研发网络成员间重复合作对二元式创新的影响,并从组织的内外部情境出发探讨内部技术能力及外部环境动态性对重复合作与企业二元式创新关系的调节作用。研究表明:重复合作与利用式创新、探索式创新均呈倒U型关系,重复合作程度的提升将先抑制探索式创新,再抑制利用式创新;同时,技术能力与环境动态性均对重复合作与企业二元式创新之间的关系具有显著的调节作用。     

Contexts of reading instruction: Implications for literacy skills and kindergarteners’ behavioral engagement

This observational study examined kindergarteners’ (n = 170) exposure to literacy instruction in their classrooms (n = 36), child-by-instruction interactions, and behavioral engagement in relation to literacy skills. Time spent in four instructional contexts was coded according to who managed children's attention (teacher-managed, TM or child-managed, CM), and the content focus (basic skills such as teaching letters and their sounds, or meaning-focused such as discussing a book); children's behavioral engagement and off-task behavior were also coded live five times over the year. Word-reading and phonological awareness skills were assessed in fall and spring. Hierarchical Linear Modeling results indicated that kindergarteners with lower initial skills gained more in word-reading, but not phonological awareness, when they were exposed to relatively more time in TM basic skills instruction. In contrast, more time in CM meaning-focused instruction did not interact with initial skills to predict either outcome. Engagement analyses indicated that students were more likely to be off-task in CM than in TM contexts. Children who spent more time off-task during TM contexts had lower spring scores on both outcomes. Discussion explores the implications of this work for both literacy learning and behavioral engagement in the transition year of kindergarten.     

重复献血者与初次献血者血液检测结果比较分析

目的：了解初次献血者与重复献血者输血相关传染病指标的情况,为建立一支低危、固定的无偿献血队伍提供科学理论依据。方法对2012年1月~2012年12月淮北市无偿献血者的血液检测结果进行统计比较分析。结果血液检测的不合格率,随着献血次数的增加而逐步下降,初次献血者、2次献血者和3次及以上献血者分别为11.69%、6.24%和5.36%（χ2=184.58,P＆lt;0.01）;除 ALT外,HBsAg 、抗-HCV、抗-HIV和抗-TP 4项检测项目差异有统计学意义。结论重复献血的无偿献血者血液不合格率低于初次献血者,是低危献血人群,应加大重复献血者队伍的组建力度,保障血液安全。     

产权、制度与公平竞赛--解读"假球黑哨"

中国足球职业联赛近年来屡屡爆出假球黑哨的丑闻或遭强烈质疑,令球迷和关心足球发展的各界人士痛惜不已.从产权和制度的角度去认识这个问题,认为:西方职业联赛中,各私有俱乐部本着追求长期利益的动机而进行的是长期重复博弈,重复博弈使得公平竞赛自我维持.而中国大多数职业俱乐部是国有资产,国有产权不可避免使俱乐部具有短期行为和维权意识弱等特点,这使得公平竞赛制度在中国联赛内部能内在维持,只能借助产生于政府的外在权威力量--中国足协来强制干预.但由于中国足协经常不能受到委托人有效的监督,足协在维护联赛公平竞赛的过程中也因而是经常缺位的,这使得外在的中国职业联赛公平竞赛制度也经常失效.     

我国多次诉讼专利的基本特征与审判结果

随着中国知识产权保护水平的提升,我国专利诉讼进入快速增长阶段,大量出现借助同一专利反复发起诉讼的情况。基于2000-2014年我国专利民事侵权诉讼数据,本文识别出发生过多次诉讼的专利,并进一步对其基本特征及诉讼结果进行了考察。研究表明：第一,与美国进入庭审阶段的多次诉讼发起人多为败诉不同,我国多次诉讼专利原告在进入庭审阶段后通常胜诉,尽管停止侵权诉求（取得市场禁令）更容易获得法院支持,但损害赔偿金额却未与多次诉讼产生显著的正相关性（表现为负相关）。第二,我国专利诉讼案件中大量使用了外观设计和实用新型专利,但在控制年度、产业、地区等变量后,发明专利被用于多次诉讼的倾向显著更高,这与总体诉讼样本中涉及发明的比重不高形成了鲜明反差。第三,多次诉讼专利具有地区和行业集中特征,东部出现多次诉讼专利的概率较小,制药、化学和生物技术领域产生多次诉讼专利的概率显著低于传统制造与机械行业。本文的实践应用价值和政策指向在于,通过对多次诉讼专利的分析为解决我国本土重复侵权、策略性商业维权以及可能的专利滥诉和司法逆向选择问题提供经验证据。     

上市公司实行年报补丁制度利弊分析

年报补丁是我国上市公司信息披露的重要特征之一,也是我国证券市场的一个普遍现象。本文分析了上市公司实行年报补丁制度对有关各方的利弊,提出了相关的建议。