广西全州方言中的“Xx”式反复问句

"Xx"式反复问句是全州方言常用的一种特殊疑问句式,它是方言另一疑问句式"X-Neg-x"式反复问句省略否定副词紧缩的结果。"Xx"式反复问句的语音特点、语义功用和语法功用富有方言地域特色。     

重复阅读意味着什么?——来自同题外语阅读重复测试的报告

重复阅读对外语水平的提高有多方面作用已得到多个研究的证实。本报告在阅读材料基本符合外语学习者水平的前提下,就外语重复阅读三个方面的问题,汇报两次同题阅读重复测试的结果:1)重复阅读能显著提高外语学习者的阅读理解水平,但针对不同水平对象的有效重复阅读次数可能并不相同;2)重复阅读对外语综合水平有较大差距的学习者效用的大小有基本对应关系,但对水平相当而初次阅读为及格成绩者的效能比对中等和良好成绩者更加显著;3)影响重复阅读效果的因素,除了学习者的综合外语水平这一基本要素外,工作记忆能对学习者、尤其是初次阅读及格程度的学习者起到更大作用。     

Effect of different recovery patterns on repeated-sprint ability and neuromuscular responses

Abstract

We examined the effect of recovery pattern on mechanical and neuromuscular responses in active men during three repeated-sprint ability tests consisting of ten 6-s cycling sprints. Within each test, the recovery duration was manipulated: constant, increasing, and decreasing recovery pattern. Maximal voluntary contractions of the knee extensors were performed before and after the repeated-sprint ability tests to assess strength and electromyographic activity [root mean square (RMS)] of the quadriceps muscle. We observed different fatigue patterns for peak and mean power output between recovery patterns, with earlier decrements recorded during the increasing recovery pattern. Total work performed over the ten sprints was also lower in the increasing recovery pattern (43.8 ± 5.4 kJ; P < 0.05). However, the decreasing recovery pattern induced a greater overall power output decrement across the sprints (?15.8%; P < 0.05), compared with the increasing recovery pattern (?5.1%) but not the constant recovery pattern (?10.1%). The decreasing recovery pattern was also associated with higher post-sprint RMS values (+16.2%; P < 0.05). Therefore, the recovery pattern within successive short sprints may influence repeated-sprint ability, and may lead to greater post-sprint neuromuscular adjustments when recovery intervals decrease between sprints. We conclude that peripheral impairments caused the major differences in repeated-sprint ability between recovery patterns.     

The effects of combined glucose-electrolyte and sodium bicarbonate ingestion on prolonged intermittent exercise performance

Abstract

This study examined the effects of combined glucose and sodium bicarbonate ingestion prior to intermittent exercise. Ninemales (mean ± s age 25.4 ± 6.6 years, body mass 78.8 ± 12.0 kg, maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O_2max) 47.0 ± 7ml · kg · min^?1) undertook 4 × 45 min intermittent cycling trials including 15 × 10 s sprints one hour after ingesting placebo (PLA), glucose (CHO), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) or a combined CHO and NaHCO₃ solution (COMB). Post ingestion blood pH (7.45 ± 0.03, 7.46 ± 0.03, 7.32 ± 0.05, 7.32 ± 0.01) and bicarbonate (30.3 ± 2.1, 30.7 ± 1.8, 24.2 ± 1.2, 24.0 ± 1.8 mmol · l^?1) were greater for NaHCO₃ and COMB when compared to PLA and CHO, remaining elevated throughout exercise (main effect for trial; P < 0.05). Blood lactate concentration was greatest throughout exercise for NaHCO₃ and COMB (main effect for trial; P < 0.05). Blood glucose concentration was greatest 15 min post-ingestion for CHO followed by COMB, NaHCO₃ and PLA (7.13 ± 0.60, 5.58 ± 0.75, 4.51 ± 0.56, 4.46 ± 0.59 mmol · l^?1, respectively; P < 0.05). Gastrointestinal distress was lower during COMB compared to NaHCO₃ at 15 min post-ingestion (P < 0.05). No differences were observed for sprint performance between trials (P = 1.00). The results of this study suggest that a combined CHO and NaHCO₃ beverage reduced gastrointestinal distress and CHO availability but did not improve performance. Although there was no effect on performance an investigation of the effects in more highly trained individuals may be warranted.     

Repeated high-intensity exercise in professional rugby union

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to describe the frequency, duration, and nature of repeated high-intensity exercise in Super 14 rugby union. Time–motion analysis was used during seven competition matches over the 2008 and 2009 Super 14 seasons; five players from each of four positional groups (front row forwards, back row forwards, inside backs, and outside backs) were assessed (20 players in total). A repeated high-intensity exercise bout was considered to involve three or more sprints, and/or tackles and/or scrum/ruck/maul activities within 21 s during the same passage of play. The range of repeated high-intensity exercise bouts for each group in a match was as follows: 11–18 for front row forwards, 11–21 for back row forwards, 13–18 for inside backs, and 2–11 for outside backs. The durations of the most intense repeated high-intensity exercise bouts for each position ranged from 53 s to 165 s and the minimum recovery periods between repeated high-intensity exercise bouts ranged from 25 s for the back row forwards to 64 s for the front row forwards. The present results show that repeated high-intensity exercise bouts vary in duration and activities relative to position but all players in a game will average at least 10 changes in activity in the most demanding bouts and complete at least one tackle and two sprints. The most intense periods of activity are likely to last as long as 120 s and as little as 25 s recovery may separate consecutive repeated high-intensity exercise bouts. The present findings can be used by coaches to prepare their players for the most demanding passages of play likely to be experienced in elite rugby union.     

制造商主导的供应链合作及利润分配研究

考虑到供应链中合作的重要性,本研究从一个制造商和一个零售商组成的二级供应链入手,通过重复博弈分析并结合数值仿真得到提高合作的可能性大小,为企业决策者提供决策制定的依据。此外,为了提高合作的可能性,还探讨了制造商和零售商合作收益的协调分配问题。     

财务重述影响因素研究

以2005～2009年间中国A股上市公司补充与更正报告中出现"会计差错更正"项目的公司为研究对象,以是否发生财务重述为因变量,采用配对样本分析方法系统考察了财务重述的影响因素。研究结果表明:自由现金流充足、成长较快、监事会规模较大、经"四大"会计师事务所审计、被出具标准审计意见的公司发生财务重述的概率较低;而审计事务所变更则容易导致公司发生财务重述。     

不完全信息下存货质押业务防合谋机制设计

引入不完全信息下的重复博弈理论,建立存货质押业务管理中考虑防范物流企业与借款企业合谋银行契约设计的重复博弈模型。结果显示,在银行与物流企业信息不对称的委托监管模式下,银行应与物流企业建立长期合作关系避免单次交易,使物流企业有追随声誉模型带来的隐性激励积极性。     

HIV全序列中重复序列的研究

文章统计了HIV全序列中所有不同长度的重复序列,并分析了其重复序列的AT/GC含量。研究发现:(1)重复序列出现的次数n与出现次数为n的重复序列总数N(n)之间存在power-law关系,这表明在HIV全序列中,只有少数重复序列会出现很多次,大部分重复序列只会出现少数几次;(2)HIV全序列中的AT含量高于GC含量,并且对于不同长度K的重复序列,100%AT含量的重复序列总是多于100%GC含量的重复序列,最长的100%AT含量的重复序列比100%GC含量的重复序列要长,这表明HIV全序列在进化过程中可能经受了更多的AT压力。通过对HIV全序列中的重复序列的分析,进一步讨论HIV进化历程及特点。     

中国农户合作行为的博弈分析和现实阐释

中国农户历来被认为具有善分不善合的传统,其深层原因是集体理性和个体理性的冲突以及信息不对称和机会主义行为的存在.但近年来农民合作经济组织的兴起似乎使人们看到农户合作的希望,对这些合作组织形成的一般特征进行归纳和总结成为研究农户合作行为的重要课题.本文首先回顾和评述了建国以来的农户合作运动,然后剖析了农户合作面临的困境,最后对现实中的农户合作行为及合作途径进行了阐释.