浅议现代基础绘画造型观念

现代素描造型方式,是在当代绘画潮流的影响下逐步形成和不断完善起来的。素描教学是美术学生学习的必由之路,历来受到关注和重视。近年来随着美术生源的不断扩大和发展,为了适应现代艺术发展的要求,现代素描教学和传统教学方式相比有很大的改变,它有别于传统的造型手法,但是与传统造型方式有着千丝万缕的联系,是对传统具象绘画进行批判、改进后的产物,是现代绘画意识进步的表现。     

The need for ‘representative task design’ in evaluating efficacy of skills tests in sport: A comment on Russell,Benton and Kingsley (2010)

Abstract

Russell, Benton and Kingsley (2010 Russell, M., Benton, D. and Kingsley, M. 2010. Reliability and construct validity of soccer skills tests that measure passing, shooting, and dribbling. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(13): 1399–1408. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) recently suggested a new association football test comprising three different tasks for the evaluation of players' passing, dribbling and shooting skills. Their stated intention was to enhance ‘ecological validity’ of current association football skills tests allowing generalisation of results from the new protocols to performance constraints that were ‘representative’ of experiences during competitive game situations. However, in this comment we raise some concerns with their use of the term ‘ecological validity’ to allude to aspects of ‘representative task design’. We propose that in their paper the authors confused understanding of environmental properties, performance achievement and generalisability of the test and its outcomes. Here, we argue that the tests designed by Russell and colleagues did not include critical sources of environmental information, such as the active role of opponents, which players typically use to organise their actions during performance. Static tasks which are not representative of the competitive performance environment may lead to different emerging patterns of movement organisation and performance outcomes, failing to effectively evaluate skills performance in sport.     

武术运用网络游戏传播途径的探讨

在信息化高度发达的当今社会,网络游戏以其发展速度快、传播范围大、影响面积广、推广速度迅捷等诸多优势,成为国内外广大青少年所喜闻乐见的一种娱乐手段。"功夫网游"对传播与发扬中华武术有一定的积极作用,但在某些方面又为其发展带来一定的消极影响。为使"功夫网游"沿着健康轨道发展,文章运用文献资料法和访谈法等研究方法,对现代部分功夫网游之间存在的问题与弊端进行了认真细致的归纳与分析,同时,提出自己合理化的建议,期望为"功夫网游"的健康成长以及传统武术传播尽自己的绵薄之力。     

How performance analysis of elite long jumping can inform representative training design through identification of key constraints on competitive behaviours

Abstract

Analysing performance in competitive environments enables identification of key constraints which shape behaviours, supporting designs of more representative training and learning environments. In this study, competitive performance of 244 elite level jumpers (male and female) was analysed to identify the impact of candidate individual, environmental and task constraints on performance outcomes. Findings suggested that key constraints shaping behaviours in long jumping were related to: individuals (e.g. particularly intended performance goals of athletes and their impact on future jump performance); performance environments (e.g. strength and direction of wind) and tasks (e.g. requirement for front foot to be behind foul line at take-off board to avoid a foul jump). Results revealed the interconnectedness of competitive performance, highlighting that each jump should not be viewed as a behaviour in isolation, but rather as part of a complex system of connected performance events which contribute to achievement of competitive outcomes. These findings highlight the potential nature of the contribution of performance analysis in competitive performance contexts. They suggest how practitioners could design better training tasks, based on key ecological constraints of competition, to provide athletes with opportunities to explore and exploit functional intentions and movement solutions high in contextual specificity.     

杜甫文赋参校版本刍议

由于对杜甫文赋的轻视,历代杜集中收录杜甫文赋者并不多见,现若对杜甫文赋进行全面校勘,除了应据宋本《杜工部集》为底本之外,目前可以作为参校本的文献主要有:钱曾钞本、《文苑英华》、《唐文粹》、吴若本、吕祖谦《三大礼赋注》、元分类本等。而清代杜集中收录的杜甫文赋,多系杂糅之本,已失去版本意义,其参校价值大大降低;加之朱鹤龄、仇兆鳌等注家对底本文字的大量臆改,殊不足据,故清代杜集不能作为杜甫文赋校勘之参校本。     

《庄子·德充符》畸人形象考论

作为中国哲学史上一个杰出的天才,庄子不仅创造了很多迷离惝恍的寓言形象,也创造了很多不合于世俗审美标准的畸人形象,仅《德充符》篇就有六位之多。通过对《德充符》篇这些畸人形象之考释,可以更深入解读庄子的思想及心灵世界。庄子笔下的畸人形象乃是战国之世社会的真实写照,隐含着庄子对于时代无奈的不满和控诉;另一方面,庄子通过有意挑战以儒家为代表的世俗观念,开创了一种不同于世俗甚或超越世俗的审美眼光。     

严复币制改革思想探析与启示

在20世纪初,中国被迫卷入经济全球化的浪潮中,逐渐丧失了金融货币的自主权,在外国银元入侵和本国滥发铜元的双重影响下,清朝国内货币流通体系极为混乱,货币制度严重制约了社会经济的发展。在此背景下,严复客观分析了清末货币乱局,提出了一些建设性的主张。严复的币制改革思想使用国际比较分析方法,扩展了国人的视野,开拓了国人经济学案例研究的先河,也是西方经济理论中国化的一次有益尝试,其渐进式的改革主张仍有现实启发意义。我们应借鉴严复广纳众流的务实研究方法,进行币制改革要与经济发展相适应;要把握货币自主权,促进人民币国际化;要取信于民,实行稳健的货币政策。     

体育,促进生命力的教育--从严复的"体育第一"到当今的"过度教育"

对启蒙思想家严复先生的教育理论和体育思想进行梳理，正本清源，明确体育对于增进学生乃至民族生命力的重要意义。严复的教育思想是在近代教育思想的比较与抉择中凸现其重要意义的，至今仍有指导价值。     

论教师作为模范公民

教师是谁？作为对这个问题的回答,文章在分析了吴康宁教授和学者郭兴举共同关心的“教师是否是社会代表者”的观点的基础上提出：第一,无论是认为“教师是社会代表者”,还是认为“教师是半支配阶层代言人半公共知识分子”的看法,都是在没有对社会制度类型加以分析,在忽视了改革开放以来我国政治、经济体制的转轨所带来的教师社会身份地位的根本变化的逻辑基础上提出的;第二,在现代法治社会中,理论上已不再存在凌驾于法律之上的特权阶层,国家的主体是公民,故教师作为“人之模范”当为模范公民,他们是独立的权利个体。不是什么集团的代理或代表。     

"误用其心"的杜律注本--萧云从与他的《杜律细》

萧云从的《杜律细》对杜诗中的拗句通过改变字音强使其协于平仄，遭到了王士旗的严厉批评，因而该书逐渐不为学界所重，乃至最终散佚。四库馆臣更贬其书为“误用其心”的杜律注本。其实《杜律细》一书的价值正在于，它提示着后来的注杜者们彻底放弃以叶音注杜的路径，其注杜实践的失败，在杜诗学史上具有不可替代的警示意义。