关于缺氧训练的再认识

缺氧训练目前被广泛采用,本文目的在于阐明与缺氧训练有关的术语及其基本原理,探讨缺氧训练在生理上所产生的适应性变化,是否对提高成绩有效。在竞技训练中对缺氧训练的理解,进行再认识,对今后的运动训练将起到一定的借鉴作用。     

少年中长跑运动员最佳呼吸效率点及对应参数的研究

以连续递增负荷的踏车运动,测定了34名少年中长跑运动员在不同工作负荷时的通气量、吸氧量、心率、最大吸氧量、呼吸当量曲线,确定了最佳呼吸效率点及生理参数,从理论上探讨了最佳呼吸效率点在运动训练中的作用,为少年中长跑运动员的训练工作提供科学依据。     

显示运动专项营养配比的呼吸商

本文通过对近期国内外文献的查阅,综述了可根据不同项目、不同负荷时间和强度确定运动员能量代谢时营养配比的呼吸商。     

跆拳道有氧训练对儿童有氧适能影响的研究*

探索跆拳道有氧训练方式对男女童有氧适能的影响.将10-13岁男、女童各60名随机分为2组:分为实验组和对照组,每组男、女童各30名,实验组进行以中低等强度有氧训练为主的运动素质与跆拳道专项技能相结合的训练,进行为20周,每周2次,每次60min,对照组在试验期间不参加任何系统体育活动,实验前后测试男女童肺活量指标及台阶指数.研究显示运动素质训练与跆拳道专项技能学习相结合的有氧训练能够大幅度提高男、女童的肺活量及台阶指数,性别之间并无显著差异,这种训练方式对增强呼吸及心血管系统机能具有更明显的效果.其训练为提高儿童的有氧适能,促进儿童身体健康发展提供有效方法与手段.     

不同体力活动水平50-59岁女性递增负荷运动中呼吸机能比较研究

目的:探讨不同体力活动对呼吸机能的影响,为确定能有效提高呼吸机能水平的体力活动量提供参考依据.方法:以50名不同体力活动水平50-59岁女性为研究对象,根据国际体力活动问卷将其分为低、中、高体力活动组,并进行逐级递增负荷运动,记录各级负荷的摄氧量(VO2)、二氧化碳输出量(VCO2)、潮气量(VT)、通气量(VE)及呼吸商(RQ).结果:安静状态高体力活动组和低体力活动组摄氧量、二氧化碳输出量、潮气量、通气量和呼吸商均存在显著性差异;递增负荷运动过程中,高体力活动组和低体力活动组呼吸机能各指标也存在显著性差异;低体力活动组与中等体力活动组呼吸机能各指标不存在显著性差异.结论:不同体力活动对呼吸机能有影响且体力活动量必须≥3 000 MET-minutes/week才能有效提高和维持呼吸机能水平.     

Critical power derived from a 3-min all-out test predicts 16.1-km road time-trial performance

Abstract

It has been shown that the critical power (CP) in cycling estimated using a novel 3-min all-out protocol is reliable and closely matches the CP derived from conventional procedures. The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive validity of the all-out test CP estimate. We hypothesised that the all-out test CP would be significantly correlated with 16.1-km road time-trial (TT) performance and more strongly correlated with performance than the gas exchange threshold (GET), respiratory compensation point (RCP) and V?O₂ max. Ten club-level male cyclists (mean±SD: age 33.8±8.2 y, body mass 73.8±4.3 kg, V?O₂ max 60±4 ml·kg^?1·min^?1) performed a 10-mile road TT, a ramp incremental test to exhaustion, and two 3-min all-out tests, the first of which served as familiarisation. The 16.1-km TT performance (27.1±1.2 min) was significantly correlated with the CP (309±34 W; r=?0.83, P<0.01) and total work done during the all-out test (70.9±6.5 kJ; r=?0.86, P<0.01), the ramp incremental test peak power (433±30 W; r=?0.75, P<0.05) and the RCP (315±29 W; r=?0.68, P<0.05), but not with GET (151±32 W; r=?0.21) or the V?O₂ max (4.41±0.25 L·min^?1; r=?0.60). These data provide evidence for the predictive validity and practical performance relevance of the 3-min all-out test. The 3-min all-out test CP may represent a useful addition to the battery of tests employed by applied sport physiologists or coaches to track fitness and predict performance in atheletes.     

Review on COVID-19 Etiopathogenesis,Clinical Presentation and Treatment Available with Emphasis on ACE2

In December 2019, Wuhan city in the Hubei province of China reported for the first time a cluster of patients infected with a novel coronavirus, since then there has been an outburst of this disease across the globe affecting millions of human inhabitants. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a member of beta coronavirus family which upon exposure caused a highly infectious disease called novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19, a probably bat originated disease was declared by World Health Organization (WHO) as a global pandemic in March 2020. Since then, despite rigorous global containment and quarantine efforts, the disease has affected nearly 56,261,952 laboratory confirmed human population and caused deaths of over 1,349,506 lives worldwide. Virus passes in majority through respiratory droplets and then enters lung epithelial cells by binding to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and there it undergoes replication and targeting host cells causing severe pathogenesis. Majority of human population exposed to SARS-CoV-2 having fully functional immune system undergo asymptomatic infection while 5–10% are symptomatic and only 1–2% are critically affected and requires ventilation support. Older people or people with co-morbidities are severely affected by COVID-19. These categories of patients also display cytokine storm due to dysfunctional immune response which brutally destroys the affected organs and may lead to death in some. Real time PCR is still considered as standard method of diagnosis along with other serology, radiological and biochemical investigations. Till date, no specific validated medication is available for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Thus, this review provides detailed knowledge about the different landscapes of disease incidence, etiopathogenesis, involvement of various organs, diagnostic criteria’s and treatment guidelines followed for management of COVID-19 infection since its inception. In conclusion, extensive research to recognize novel pathways and their cross talk to combat this virus in precarious settings is our future positive hope.     

大学女生练习瑜伽前后身体形态、心肺功能及心血管系统的比较

随机选取80名女大学生实施18周初级瑜伽练习,在瑜伽练习前后对受试者进行身体形态和心肺功能相关指标和心血管系统指标进行测试发现瑜伽练习可以减少脂肪、降低安静心率与血压、增加肺活量,通过学生的测出的收缩压、舒张压、心率、脉搏输出量、每分钟输出量、周围阻力、血管弹性和血液黏滞性的测定,来分析瑜伽练习对所测学生心血管机能的影响。结果表明瑜伽能有效改善心血管系统的功能。     

运动诱导的呼吸链ROS生成及抗氧化物功能研究进展

线粒体呼吸链是运动产生自由基和ROS的主要场所,并构成机体主要的氧化系统。ROS的过量产生会对机体造成氧化损伤。呼吸链中存在对抗ROS的CoQ和细胞色素C等抗氧化体系,但作用有限。各种外源性抗氧化营养素的补充能起到对抗ROS的作用,联合补充的效果可能更佳。     

基于近红外光谱技术的递增负荷运动中局部肌氧变化与气体交换率比较研究

应用近红外光谱技术监测递增强度运动中局部肌氧变化特征,分析探讨人体骨骼肌内氧合血红蛋白含量相对变化的拐点与呼吸商拐点之间的关系,比较两者在出现时间上的先后及其变化规律,分析它们的不同步生理机制。以期在递增强度运动训练中为教练员提供新的监测指标,为训练内容的安排与制订提供理论和实践的可行性参考依据。