神话原型、寓言与颠覆性的表述方式——论《匹克梅梁》的思想-艺术特征

肖伯纳的《匹克梅梁》以现实为基点,在比附神话原型时斥拒神话原型,并把现代版的准神话处理成一个寓言性作品,且配以颠覆性的表述方式,作品由此而浑然一体,显示出一种和谐的美,让人在笑声中思索生活的底蕴。     

基于前景理论的反转网络舆情监管三方演化博弈分析

[目的/意义]旨在为加强反转网络舆情监管提供参考。[方法/过程]引入前景理论,构建反转网络舆情监管三方演化博弈模型,建立各主体收益感知矩阵,根据复制动态方程分析各种情况下知情者、媒体、政府策略选择。[结果/结论]该模型不存在稳定均衡策略,新闻核实成本、监管成本、处罚力度、公众媒介素养水平均会直接作用于系统演化方向。提出加强政府对网络舆论环境的监管力度,规范网民和媒体行为;加强媒体公信力建设,做好信息"把关人"的角色;提升网民媒介素养,理性表达观点等加强反转网络舆情监管的对策建议。     

陀螺北方向值计算方法分析与探讨

针对逆转点法陀螺定向测量,分析北方向值计算方法问题,利用摆幅衰减的数学模型分析探讨合理的观测方法和计算精度,提出了逆转点法陀螺定向测量方法建议方案。     

Effects of In-video Questions and Feedback on Learning Performance

The eye-tracking technology was used in this study to investigate the effects of embedded questions and feedback in instructional videos on learning performance and attention allocation and whether an expertise reversal effect existed. The experiment involved 49 learners with high-level prior knowledge and 45 ones with low-level prior knowledge from a university. Meanwhile, they learned instructional videos with no embedded feedback, embedded questions without feedback and embedded questions with feedback. Findings from the experiment showed that the instructional videos with embedded questions but without feedback not only improved the participants’ attention but also enhanced their learning performance. Furthermore, there was an expertise reversal effect on the learning performance whereby instructional videos with embedded questions but without feedback improved the learning performance of learners with low-level prior knowledge, but not those with high-level prior knowledge.     

The impact of complexity on the expertise reversal effect: experimental evidence from testing accounting students

Element interactivity is a central concept of cognitive load theory that defines the complexity of a learning task. The reduction of task complexity through a temporary segmentation or isolation of interacting elements was investigated with 104 students randomly assigned to an interacting elements group, where participants were required to deal with complex accounting problems in their entirety, or an isolated elements group, where the task was broken down into constituent components. The results provide strong support for the expertise reversal effect with isolated elements beneficial for novices, while interacting elements were appropriate for more knowledgeable learners. Critically, these results only were obtained for high rather than low element interactivity materials. It was concluded that segmentation or element isolation should consider the expertise of the learner in conjunction with the complexity of the learning material.     

Studies on the written characters orientation and its influence on digit reversal by children

Recent research has found that children reverse mainly the left-oriented characters when writing from memory (e.g. they write ? and ε instead of J and 3). In order to obtain an objective definition of the left-orientation of a character, the ratings of the level of left-orientation of all the asymmetrical capital letters and digits by 142 adult students was analysed in Study 1. Study 2, on 298 five–six-year-old children, examined an immediate prediction of Study 1, namely that the children reverse mainly the digits that the adult students have rated left-oriented. Other predictions, both of the posited representation of the writing during the reversal stage and the neurological process of mirror generalisation, were verified: the simplicity of the representation of the symmetrical digits 0 and 8 makes incorrect writings very rare; the mirror generalisation, which operates only in the left–right direction, makes other transformations (inversion or 180° rotation) very rare. Finally, the explanatory power of some putative individual factors of reversal (e.g. writing with the left hand) is shown to be far lower than that of the left-orientation of the characters.     

对当代中国文论有效性的质疑与分析

任何有效的文论都应具备实践性的品格，可是当代文论与我们所处的生活世界和艺术实践严重脱节。许多理论观点在文论圈内热热闹闹，一出圈外则乏人问津。即使如“新写实”、“后现代”一类口号似乎与部分创作现象相吻合，但问题在于它们是否真正回答了时代向文学提出的课题，是否担负起文论疏导创作的使命，以及从学理的角度阐明或探索相应的艺术规律。“新写实主义”的理论以“新写实”的名义取消了创作主体的能动性，是从“文学主体性”立场上的倒退，与平庸的现实达成妥协。“后现代”贯穿一切的主张则表现为语境错住。妨碍中国文化的现代性建构。凡此都造成当代文论的阐释危机。     

探寻师生互动途径 提高课堂教学效果

良好的师生互动氛围是提高成人高校课堂教学效果的粘合剂。理想的教学效果也离不开默契融洽的师生关系与活跃自然的课堂互动。如何实现有效的师生互动,构建高效课堂教学平台?本文从角色转换、创设情境、充分沟通、多维互动等途径,就如何实现成人高校课堂教学中的师生互动途径做了一些实践探索。     

La percepción visual y su relación con la lectura: datos evolutivos a través del Reversal Test

Resumen

Con el trabajo aquí presentado, nos proponíamos reducir el número de items perceptivos del Reversal Test (RO), 2.5 veces, sin perder sustancialmente información.

Se analizan también: a) La evolución de la variable perceptiva, b) Las diferencias perceptivas debidas al sexo, que no son significativa, c) Las diferencias por edad, dentro del mismo año natural: niños «jóvenes», niños «viejos», yd) Las relaciones existentes entre la variable perceptiva y la lectura, que van perdiendo intensidad a lo largo de los 6 años analizados.     

Effects of worked examples on step performance in solving complex problems

The instructional effect of worked examples has been investigated in many research studies. However, most of them evaluated the overall performance of the participants in solving post-intervention problems, rather than individual step performance in multi-step problems. The two experiments reported in this article investigated the relations between using worked examples and individual step performance in solving isomorphic problems. In Experiment 1, the effect of worked examples was found for overall performance for novice learners, whereas this effect was gradually reduced from Step 1 (the most difficult one) at which the effect was the strongest, to Step 3 (the easiest one) at which the effect was the weakest or even disappeared. In Experiment 2, relatively more knowledgeable participants learned the same sets of materials, and no effect of worked examples was found for either overall performance or individual step performance. Learner levels of expertise and levels of element interactivity were used to explain the results.