关于1954年宪法

近代中国是一个民族民主革命风云激荡的时代。作为中国革命的历史成果,1954年宪法是对近代中国宪法问题和宪政运动历史经验的总结,体现了对未来社会主义政治建设的发展思路,也是中国当代民主法制建设的良好开端。它标志着近代以来的中国宪法和宪政理论发生了重大转折,即以人民民主专政理论为指导的当代宪法代替了在中国未能成长起来的西方移植性宪法。同时,1954年宪法在经济制度和政治基础两个方面所具有的过渡性特点也预示了这部宪法本身的不稳定性,昭示着中国的民主法制建设是一个长期而艰巨的任务。     

The effect of 14 weeks of vitamin D3 supplementation on antimicrobial peptides and proteins in athletes

Heavy training is associated with increased respiratory infection risk and antimicrobial proteins are important in defence against oral and respiratory tract infections. We examined the effect of 14 weeks of vitamin D₃ supplementation (5000 IU/day) on the resting plasma cathelicidin concentration and the salivary secretion rates of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), cathelicidin, lactoferrin and lysozyme in athletes during a winter training period. Blood and saliva were obtained at the start of the study from 39 healthy men who were randomly allocated to vitamin D₃ supplement or placebo. Blood samples were also collected at the end of the study; saliva samples were collected after 7 and 14 weeks. Plasma total 25(OH)D concentration increased by 130% in the vitamin D₃ group and decreased by 43% in the placebo group (both P = 0.001). The percentage change of plasma cathelicidin concentration in the vitamin D₃ group was higher than in the placebo group (P = 0.025). Only in the vitamin D₃ group, the saliva SIgA and cathelicidin secretion rates increased over time (both P = 0.03). A daily 5000 IU vitamin D₃ supplement has a beneficial effect in up-regulating the expression of SIgA and cathelicidin in athletes during a winter training period, which could improve resistance to respiratory infections.     

乒乓球赛场的视觉变革

作为乒乓球运动的核心,乒乓球赛场一直是乒乓球视觉展示的焦点。本文从体育场地视觉角度论及了乒乓球场地变革的主要内容及其衍变、发展的历史过程。通过深入分析借鉴视觉革命在体育比赛的特殊作用及运用,探讨了乒乓球运动传播的困境及乒乓球视觉转向的科技动因,并从微观视角就我国乒乓球器材生产商红双喜公司近10年来乒乓球场地器材的变革为例,对乒乓球场地的视觉革命与乒乓球运动的传播的互动关系进行了多角度透析,理顺二者互为动因的关系,提出了未来乒乓球运动场地的视觉变革方向。     

冬泳运动对中老年人身体成分的影响分析

对齐齐哈尔市冬泳协会的116名冬泳爱好者进行身体成分测试。结果显示：长期进行冬泳运动,可以改善中老年人的身体成分,降低体脂百分比和肥胖发生率,提高身体素质,对预防心血管疾病及老年性骨质疏松具有积极意义。     

广义马氏过程及其熵率

讨论了k步广义马氏过程及其时间不变性和平稳性，给出了熵率的两种定义，说明了其等价性，还给出了平稳的广义马氏链熵率的计算公式．     

食物浓度及低浓度镉对水螅种群动态的影响

在温度为20士1℃、自然光照(光照强度约为301x,L : D=14 : 10)条件下,分别以浓度为0.25ind/ml、0.5ind/ml、1.0ind/ml、2.0ind/ml枝角类(Cladocemans)为食物及在1.0ind/ml食物浓度下,应用单个体培养法及群体累积培养法研究了食物浓度及低浓度镉离子(0mg/l(对照组)、0.01mg/l、0.05mg/1)对水螅种群动态的影响.实验表明,食物浓度对水螅种群增长有一定影响,在较高食物浓度下水螅的种群增长率、净增长率普遍提高,而镉子浓度对水螅种群增长有显著影响.在较高离子浓度下,水螅种群增长率、净增长率较大,而世代时间相对缩短.     

直接序列扩频系统抗干扰性能研究

本文从直接序列扩烦的处理增益及误码率方面,借助Matlab仿真算法,分析了其在几种主要干扰下的抗干扰性能,并指出了几种有利于提高系统抗干扰能力的方法．     

用稳态近似法推导反应速度方程时应注意的一个问题

用稳态近似法推导反应的速度方程时,最后所导出的速度方程有时会出现由不不同数值而组成的系数。针对这个问题,本文指出了两种避免出现该问题的方法。     

低温胁迫下镧对水稻种子萌发的影响

以水稻(Oryza sativa)种子为实验材料,研究了不同浓度稀土元素镧浸种对水稻种子低温萌发的影响。结果表明:15℃低温胁迫抑制水稻种子的萌发,浸种期用硝酸镧处理能够提高种子的抗逆性。低浓度((50~250)×10-6mol/L)硝酸镧浸种能提高水稻种子发芽率、发芽势、呼吸速率和过氧化氢酶活性,提高种子抗寒能力,实验发现用硝酸镧处理种子萌发以250×10-6mol/L浓度为最佳,低温胁迫下,发芽率提高9.67%,呼吸速率提高56.25%,过氧化氢酶活性提高1.73%。350×10-6mol/L以上高浓度对水稻种子的萌发无明显影响。     

Alterations in autonomic cardiac modulation in response to normobaric hypoxia

Purpose: The present study aimed to determine if autonomic cardiac modulation was influenced by acute exposure to normobaric hypoxia. Method: Ten healthy male lowland dwellers completed five block-randomised single-blinded, crossed-over acute exposures to a normobaric hypoxic environment, each separated by 24 hours’ recovery (20.3%, 17.4%, 14.5%, 12.0% and 9.8% F_IO₂). Supine recordings were made of arterial oxygen saturation and electrocardiogram (ECG). RR intervals from the ECG trace were analysed for time (SDNN, lnrMSSD), frequency (lnVLF, lnLF, lnHF, lnTP, LFnu, and HFnu), and nonlinear (DFA-α1 and SampEn) heart rate variability components. Results: A significant reduction in arterial SaO₂ occurred with reduced F_IO₂, along with a rise in heart rate (Cohen’s d?=?1.16, 95% Confidence Interval [2.64–6.46]), significant at 9.8% F_IO₂. A decrease in autonomic cardiac modulation was also found as shown by a statistically significant (at 9.8% F_IO₂) decrease in lnTP (d?=?1.84 [1.74–1.94]), and SampEn (d?=?0.98 [0.83–1.12]) and an increase in DFA-α₁ (d?=?0.72 [0.60–0.84]) from normoxia at 9.8% F_IO₂. Conclusion: The decrease in variability indicated a reduction in autonomic cardiac modulation. There appears to be a threshold ～9.8% F_IO₂ (～6000?m equiv.), below which significant alterations in autonomic control occur.