[2015年第2期] 云计算的价值创造及其机理

云计算在各行业的创新应用 , 衍生出诸多新型业态和新型商业模式, 产生了巨大的 经济价值和社会价值,主要体现在： 云计算集中了信息技术资源和服务,大幅提高了 IT资源的 应用效率; 降低了应用技术门槛, 最大限度扩展用户规模; 集中整合了数据资源, 挖掘出大数 据价值潜力; 引起体制机制的变革, 以技术方式突破体制屏障; 加强了信息系统综合集成, 实 现智慧管理与服务。 云计算应用创新具有独特的价值生成机理。 首先, 云计算通过将市场交 易双方的博弈改变为无限重复动态博弈, 形成诚信自律机制, 提高了市场交易效率从而形成 增值; 其次,云计算的创新应用向资本市场展示了收益前景,以内部学习效应形成了以未来收 益弥补当前亏损的资本补偿机制 , 挖掘了知识价值; 第三, 云计算形成了新型互联网商业平 台 ,以交叉补贴机制确保长期可持续经营,创造了低成本、高收益的价值增值模式。 鉴于云计 算平台已经成为涉及公共利益、承载公共服务的信息基础设施, 建议将云设施视为信息基础 设施,纳入监管保护体系; 制定针对云计算的知识产权和个人信息保护措施,鼓励云计算创新 应用 ;开展多层次试点示范,帮助中小企业和社会大众利用云计算创新创业。     

Struggling with Science and Status: Physiotherapy – Including Radiology and Cancer Treatment – and Physical Education at the State University in Ghent,Belgium, 1906–1936

The establishment of new academic specialties is an intriguing research topic from a social history of science perspective. In this article we focus on the ‘scientific migration’ within the Higher Institute of Physical Education (HIPE) and the Faculty of Medicine at the State University in Ghent, Belgium. The HIPE was ‘attached’ to the Faculty of Medicine in 1908, a world first that led to an interesting triangular relationship between physical education, physiotherapy, and medicine. The physiatrists (physicians-physiotherapists) who were appointed at the HIPE had to struggle with inferior status with respect to their colleagues within the Faculty of Medicine itself. Territorial power struggles arose on several levels. In 1936, after the first generation of physicians-physiotherapists had retired, physiotherapy was integrated fully into the Faculty of Medicine, and radiology and cancer treatment – which had been considered subsectors of physiotherapy – became autonomous specialties. Physical education, however, retained its inferior academic status.     

浅析学习外号类新词

学习外号类新词包括“学霸”、“学渣”、“学神”、“学水”等词,它们是从学习成绩、学习效率和学习态度三个方面来对学生做出评价的,是一种进步的语言现象,它是在类比机制的作用下形成的,呈现出新词不“新”和能产性强的特点。     

名词后缀-ation的优选论分析

英语中名词后缀-ation及其音位变体的产生过程,传统的词汇学和音系学只给出了变化过程,而忽视了其形成过程,拟从优选论的角度出发,解释其形成过程。     

从认知语义框架看非名词性“A单＋N双”短语特殊性的形成机制

＂大规模＂＂远距离＂等是现代汉语中一种特殊的非名词性短语,结构上虽然以名词为核心,但语法功能却与一般的形名短语不同,一般只充当修饰语。运用框架理论考察该类特殊短语的理解过程,从而为该类短语特殊语法功能的形成机制提供一点思考。     

最速下降和共轭梯度混合算法在波束形成中的应用

介绍了一种最速下降法和共轭梯度法的混合算法,并将这种混合算法应用到自适应波束形成中。该方法根据最小均方(LMS)准则推导出代价函数,结合共轭梯度法和最速下降法产生搜索方向,既提高了共轭梯度算法的收敛速度,又解决了最速下降法下降缓慢的问题。计算机仿真表明,混合算法所需迭代次数少于最速下降法,且显著减少计算量,缩短运行时间。     

标话的形成

标话、上坊话和下坊话三种语言应在1000多前就在怀集共存了。原始标话与汉语方言长期交流融合,逐渐发展成为今天各地的标话。这种语言吸收了很多汉语的成分,但少数民族语言的底子没有变。     

Teaching,teacher formation,and specialised professional practice

This paper starts by exploring the relevance of Bernstein’s work on vertical and horizontal discourses and the constitution of professional knowledge for conceptualisation of the knowledge needed for teaching practice. Building on arguments for the differentiated nature of knowledge, and drawing on the work of Winch, Young and Muller on expertise, and the sociology of the professions, this paper advances a conception of teaching as a ‘specialised professional practice’ that requires the support of particular socio-epistemic arrangements and conditions embedded in professional communities. Prevalent notions of teaching and teacher education that find favour in some European countries are examined in the light of these arguments, with particular reference to recent reforms in England.     

Socio-demographic and practice-oriented factors related to proficiency in problem solving: a lifelong learning perspective

This article explores the relative importance of different socio-demographic and practice-oriented factors that are related to proficiency in problem solving in technology-rich environments (PSTREs) and by extension may be related to complex problem solving (CPS). The empirical analysis focuses on the proficiency measurements of PSTRE made available by the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, which is relevant for gaining insight on some of the factors related to CPS. The purpose was to examine the relationship between the broad information processing experience that individuals gather in different contexts over the lifespan, and the chances to develop problem-solving skills that adults receive in different socio-demographic profiles. Results reveal that socio-demographic factors such as age, education and immigration status as well as practice-oriented factors such as ICT use and reading practice at and outside work are strongly related to proficiency.     

Expert group formation using facility location analysis

In this paper, we propose an optimization framework to retrieve an optimal group of experts to perform a multi-aspect task. While a diverse set of skills are needed to perform a multi-aspect task, the group of assigned experts should be able to collectively cover all these required skills. We consider three types of multi-aspect expert group formation problems and propose a unified framework to solve these problems accurately and efficiently. The first problem is concerned with finding the top k experts for a given task, while the required skills of the task are implicitly described. In the second problem, the required skills of the tasks are explicitly described using some keywords but each expert has a limited capacity to perform these tasks and therefore should be assigned to a limited number of them. Finally, the third problem is the combination of the first and the second problems. Our proposed optimization framework is based on the Facility Location Analysis which is a well known branch of the Operation Research. In our experiments, we compare the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed framework with the state-of-the-art approaches for the group formation problems. The experiment results show the effectiveness of our proposed methods in comparison with state-of-the-art approaches.