20世纪社会主义运动的突出特征

社会主义的现实运动构成了20世纪社会历史画卷的主页，并在其矛盾运动进程中呈现出如下特点：理论与实践的历史错位是20世纪社会主义运动发端的主要特点；20世纪社会主义运动是曲折性与前进性、单一性与多样性的矛盾统一；在理论的创新性与教条化的矛盾撞击中不断发展。     

试论合同法中的情事变更原则

情事变更原则是在民商事活动中以诚实信用原则为基础逐渐演绎出来的，其在适用条件、法律效力方面不同于不可抗力、显失公平和商业风险，虽然没有被写进我国的新《合同法》，但它已逐渐被其他许多国家的民商事立法所确认，成为一项较为基本的民商事活动原则。     

论道德教育向道德教化的转进

期以来，学校道德教育忽视道德的个体性，窒息了个体德道学习的自觉能力，割裂了道德生长的整体精神空间。社会发展和教育发展要求实现道德教育向道德教化的转进，创新德育工作理念和方法。     

A consideration for physical literacy in Irish youth,and implications for physical education in a changing landscape

The concept of physical literacy (PL) has been suggested as one that can offer a catalyst for a new emphasis in physical education (PE). In the broadest sense, a physically literate child is confident, active, and can maintain health enhancing physical activity (PA) for life. PL includes engagement in PA, physical competence, and PA motivation, confidence, knowledge and understanding. The purpose of this study is to investigate the levels of PL in Irish adolescents. As part of a larger study data were collected from 535 (12.78?±?.42 years) adolescents across 20 schools, to measure physical activity, physical competence, and psychological correlates of physical activity. Less than half of participants are accumulating the minimum of 60 minutes of PA daily required for health (49% males, 26% females). Data highlight that Irish youth are performing ‘below par’ across the domains of PL, with cardiovascular fitness (45% of males and 67% of females reaching ‘optimal’ target) and self-efficacy (53% of males and 46% of females reaching ‘optimal’ target) of greatest concern. Findings are discussed in the context of the need for a targeted direction in post-primary PE in Irish schools to increase levels of PL in Irish adolescents.     

中国现代知识分子与"原罪"意识--从不同历史阶段进行梳理

本文通过对中国现代知识分子“原罪”意识的梳理,展示知识分子的“原罪”意识在不同阶段的起源、发展、变异、流失．力图分析中国现代知识分子在解放后一次次的思想改造运动中,丧失独立精神、自由思想的又一原因,并从中总结经验教训。     

“常”与“变”中的哀乐——评《萧萧》

在小说《萧萧》中，沈从文同主人公萧萧一起感受着生活的常态与变动，感受着这种“常”与“变”中的悲哀与欢乐。而在作品中．我们也感受到作者对乡下淳朴生活的喜爱以及对这种生活下的人与事的感慨。究其原因是沈从文徘徊于现实与理想两个世界。     

论琵琶右手演奏系统基本训练--快速弹挑及其弦序变换

快速是琵琶演奏中不可缺少的演奏技巧,它体现着一定程度的演奏水平,快速的演奏技巧对于我们完满的表现音乐具有重要的作用,主要从右手弹挑及弦序变换的要领来阐述快速演奏技巧训练的基本方法。     

开发与发展并举:西进运动与美国工业化进程

西进运动是美国十八世纪八十年代掀起的一场向西开发和扩展的群众运动。这场运动到十九世纪九十年代结束。西进运动与美国工业化相始终,这并非历史的偶然,这是美国在开发中求发展的工业化道路。美国在西进运动中实现了工业化,走出了一条美国式的发展道路,这条道路使美国立于不败之地。     

"五·四"女子教育平权运动价值意义述略

五四运动唤醒了我国妇女解放运动的沉寂面，妇女们在批判封建旧思想、旧道德的同时，开始为自身解放呐喊。当时社会上进步的人士普遍认为“教育上的平衡为一切平衡的渊源”，把女子教育平衡作为解决妇女问题的根本方法，提出了改革女子教育宗旨，大不开女禁和男女同校等教育平等主张，为近代妇女解放打开了新的局面。     

Contradictions of time in collaborative school research

The sustainability of research-based innovations in schools is constrained not only by systemic institutional barriers and inherent contradictions between schooling and research, but also by the related issue of time. This case study suggests that relative timescales, e.g., the collective activity of schooling over decades versus the individual actions of researchers over semesters or years, hinder the coordination and synchronization of schooling and research processes. Using cultural–historical activity theory and heterochrony, this analysis of data from a 4-year collaborative school-university research and development project suggests that, in spite of active support from school personnel, temporal conflicts undermined research activity and the sustainability of the innovation. At the same time, when researchers aligned their actions with the actions and timescales of school personnel, core elements of the innovation were appropriated into school practice.