全面学分制背景下转专业情况分析——以计算机学院为例

使学生学习自己满意的专业,既是高校人才培养的需要,也是对学生专业选择自主权的尊重[1]。本文以高校某工科院系为例,分析了学生转专业的原因,发现学生对专业了解不够、填报志愿动机不同、大学生活不适应等因素会影响学生转专业。学院修订了转专业条例,为学生提供更全面的转专业指导。     

Heraclitean Thinking: Implications for Philosophy of Education

Heraclitus was the first presocratic Ionian thinker to describe the underlying nature of reality as a set of processes in flux and to affirm the constantly changing nature of the cosmos. In this essay, I discuss four major doctrines of his thought which constitute the crux of the Heraclitean worldview. I then expound some thoughts on the relevance and implications of Heraclitean thinking for philosophy of education.     

论美国革命后英国帝国观念的变化

美国革命以后 ,英国政府从美国革命中吸取教训 ,对其帝国政策进行了调整。英国工业革命的发展 ,对外贸易变得越来越重要 ,成了英国经济的生命线。英国政府及国内民众的帝国观念也发生了很大变化 ,英国已经对拓殖新的殖民地不感兴趣 ,英国此时强调的是占据贸易商埠及战略基地     

Introduction to this Special Issue

In 2001, for the first time in the history of the International Association for Counselling, International Conference was held in a developing Asian country–India, with the theme Families in Transition–Counselling in Transition–Meeting the Challenges Ahead. This special issue contains some of the presentations made by Indian participants during this conference which best reflect the challenges and diversities of counseling efforts with families in India. The first article was specially written for this issue in order to give an international relationship of this journal an in depth contextual understanding of Indian families in transition and the challenges they pose to the contemporary Indian counselor. Two articles are reflected to counseling families affected by socio-politial and economic changes. Five authors have written on counseling related to physical and mental disability/addiction and last two articles are reflected to authors experiences as family counselors.     

热学孤立系统中温升变化的实验分析

通过对热学孤立系统中温升变化的实验分析，阐明影响热学孤立系统实验结果的主要因素，所得到的结论对热学孤立系统的同类实验也适用。     

Effect of Air Velocity on Thermal Comfort under Thermal Environment Ramp Changing

Set points of the indoor air temperature and relative humidity in short-term staying location were studied. In this condition, the thermal reaction of human body varied with the ramp changes of the environmental thermal parameters. The change rules of about 60 subjects‘ thermal reaction to the ramp change of environment were surveyed, and the effect of air movement on the thermal reaction during transient condition was considered by using a questionnaire. With the experimental results and research findings under stable condition, a way to set environmental parameters of short-time staying location was recommended.     

Teaching Traditions in Science Teachers’ Practices and the Introduction of National Testing

Our main interest in this article is to explore whether Swedish teachers changed their teaching and assessment practices in relation to the new national tests in science education that were introduced 2009. Data was collected using a web-distributed questionnaire, which was answered by 407 teachers. The concept of teaching traditions is used to capture patterns of what is emphasized by teachers in terms of goals and content in teaching and the design of the questionnaire was based on the concept of curriculum emphases. The results show two distinct groups of focus, which are compared with two traditions within science education: the Academic and the Moral tradition. The main content where teaching has been changed is in making science more applied than before, where applied not only means the application of science knowledge to practical technical issues, but also to moral and political issues.     

Conceptual change through vicarious learning in an authentic physics setting

Recent research on principles of best practice for designing effective multimedia instruction has rarely taken into account students’ alternative conceptions, which are known to strongly influence learning. The goal of this study was to determine how well students of quantum mechanics could learn ‘vicariously’ by watching a student-tutor dialogue based on alternative conceptions. Two video treatments were created to summarize key aspects of quantum tunneling, a fundamental quantum mechanical phenomenon. One video depicted a student-tutor dialogue, incorporating many of the common alternative conceptions on the topic, and resolving inconsistencies in reasoning through discussion. The other presented the same correct physics material in an expository style without alternative conceptions. Second year physics students were randomly assigned to one of the two treatments and were tested before and after watching the video during a lecture. Results show a statistically significant (p < .01) advantage for the learners in the dialogue treatment (d = 0.71). Follow-up interviews of students yielded insight into the affective and cognitive benefits of the dialogue video.     

Theory Competition and the Process of Change

The reasons why many educational change initiatives have little impact are often framed in terms of either a poorly designed process on the part of the change initiator, or in terms of problems with the attitudes, skills and/or knowledge of those responsible for implementation. In this paper, we seek to integrate these two perspectives more closely by focusing on their interface and the competing theories frequently held by the change initiators and implementers. This concept of theory competition is illustrated with a case of a national literacy initiative in New Zealand in which the change initiators wished to raise the achievement of low performing students through the development of “learning-centred” leadership in schools and evidence-based practice. The desired outcomes were not achieved because theories about what it means to be a successful leader in such a situation, the data needed to undertake the type of evidence-based analysis envisioned and school personnel beliefs about the target students were understood differently by those responsible for initiating the change and those responsible for implementing it.     

基于组织变革的中小学校长培训及其关系处理研究

校长培训组织应该依据社会与教育发展所引起的培训环境的变化，及时调整和完善自身结构和功能，以满足校长培训发展的新需要，这是一种新的搞好“十一五”中小学校长培训工作的组织变革观。文章认为。在实现培训组织变革中，要慎重处理好正规与非正规、现代培训手段与传统培训方式等六大关系。