试析影响学生数学建模数学化过程的若干因素

为适应新一轮数学课程改革中加强应用性和创新性,重视联系学生生活实际和社会实践要求,开展数学建模教学成为当今数学教育改革的热点之一。如何有效实施数学建模教学是许多数学教师感到困惑的一大难题。而研究学生数学建模过程中所面临的困难及产生原因是教师有效实施数学建模教学的前提与关键。文章拟从初中数学课堂中实施数学建模教学的一则案例出发,初步研究发现学生在数学建模的数学化过程中,学生自身的数学阅读能力、简化实际问题能力、数学语言能力和元认知能力影响着学生的数学建模活动。从而对教师在日常数学课堂中有效开展数学建模教学活动具有积极意义。     

Examining the psychometric properties of the Infant–Toddler Environment Rating Scale-Revised Edition in a high-stakes context

The psychometric properties of the Infant–Toddler Environment Rating Scale-Revised Edition (ITERS-R) were examined using 153 classrooms from child-care centers where resources were tied to center performance. An exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scale measures one global aspect of quality. To decrease redundancy, subsets of items were selected randomly and by experts who rated items according to ease of administration and importance to quality. The shorter subsets demonstrated good discriminant validity, adequate to good psychometric properties, and high associations to the full ITERS-R score. They also demonstrated similar associations to staff education and staff-to-child ratio, as the full instrument. The best assessment of quality was demonstrated by the shortened subset that included items that assess both structural and process features of quality. Multilevel-analyses indicated that classrooms from the same providers score more similarly on ITERS-R than classrooms from other providers. The implications for using the ITERS-R in high-stakes contexts are discussed.     

大学教师的社会角色及责任与使命

大学教师的社会角色不同于一般教师,大学教师集教育者、研究者和知识分子三种社会角色于一身.不同的社会角色要求大学教师担当不同的社会责任与使命.作为教育者的教师,其责任与使命的核心是"教育爱";作为研究者的教师,其责任与使命的核心是追求真理、追求学术;作为知识分子的大学教师,其责任与使命的核心是通过社会文化批判而促进社会文化的进步.正确认识大学教师社会角色的特殊性,对于探讨大学教师的社会责任与使命具有重要意义.     

体育旅游对促进地区发展作用探讨与策略

通过介绍体育旅游的概念、内容及我国体育旅游的基本情况,分析研究了体育旅游对促进地区良性发展上的作用,并提出了我国当前发展体育旅游的策略。     

家长的角色心理分析

家庭教育中家长的心理状况关系到孩子的发展取向,直接影响孩子的健康成长和终身的幸福。了解家长的角色心理是做一个合格父母的前提,家长正确的角色定位,不断地实现角色成长,宅善性格,提升能力,是父母实现对孩子有效教育的保证。     

Using diagrams as tools for the solution of non-routine mathematical problems

The Mathematics education community has long recognized the importance of diagrams in the solution of mathematical problems. Particularly, it is stated that diagrams facilitate the solution of mathematical problems because they represent problems’ structure and information (Novick & Hurley, 2001; Diezmann, 2005). Novick and Hurley were the first to introduce three well-defined types of diagrams, that is, network, hierarchy, and matrix, which represent different problematic situations. In the present study, we investigated the effects of these types of diagrams in non-routine mathematical problem solving by contrasting students’ abilities to solve problems with and without the presence of diagrams. Structural equation modeling affirmed the existence of two first-order factors indicating the differential effects of the problems’ representation, i.e., text with diagrams and without diagrams, and a second-order factor representing general non-routine problem solving ability in mathematics. Implicative analysis showed the influence of the presence of diagrams in the problems’ hierarchical ordering. Furthermore, results provided support for other studies (e.g. Diezman & English, 2001) which documented some students’ difficulties to use diagrams efficiently for the solution of problems. We discuss the findings and provide suggestions for the efficient use of diagrams in the problem solving situation.     

Effects of Exposure to Part-time Faculty on Community College Transfer

Over the past several decades, one of the most significant changes in the delivery of postsecondary education involves the dramatic increase in the use of contingent or part-time faculty. Although the increased use of part-time faculty within higher education makes sense from an administrative point of view, its use does not come without criticism. With community colleges representing a more convenient, affordable, and flexible educational option for a number of students, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds, examining how exposure to part-time faculty relates to students’ academic goals represents an important area of inquiry. This study draws from social and human capital frameworks and uses hierarchical generalized linear modeling (HGLM) to examine how exposure to part-time faculty relates to community college students’ likelihood of transferring to a four-year college or university. Findings suggest that students tend to be significantly less likely to transfer as their exposure to part-time faculty increases.     

Merit-Based Student Aid and Freshman Interstate College Migration: Testing a Dynamic Model of Policy Change

This study examines how state merit-based scholarships individually and simultaneously with prepaid tuition plans influence the interstate migration of college-bound freshmen. State freshman migration percentages were examined over a 10-year period. Results of an interrupted time-series model suggested that students generally respond to merit-based tuition aid in accordance with our initial prediction based on factors influencing student choice in attending postsecondary institutions. More specifically, many students choose to attend an in-state college in order to be eligible for state merit-based scholarships. Moreover, for home states that adopted both merit-based scholarships and prepaid tuition contracts, student out-migration was further reduced over time.

基于Simulink的中央空调系统建模与仿真

随着我国经济的逐步增长,居住条件日益改善,人们对生活环境舒适度的要求越来越高,对中央空调的需求越来越大,对它的舒适、节能、健康更加重视。因此,设计一项舒适、节能、健康的中央空调工程是很有实际意义的。本文主要是利用MATLAB软件中的Simulink对在某一特定的空间内所设计的空调系统进行建模与仿真。     

论生态课堂中的师生角色定位

自制度化教育确立以来,课堂便成为落实教育目的、达成教育理想的最直接、最重要的场所。生态课堂理念的提出是对传统技术课堂理论的一种超越,它试图用生态学的理念来改造课堂。生态课堂包括课堂生态主体和课堂生态环境。师生关系既是课堂生态的主体,又是课堂生态环境的一个组成部分,因此,师生角色定位对于生态课堂的建构具有十分重要的意义。