简论清末民初中国商会的抗争活动--以上海和贵阳两地为例

清末民初,上海等沿海沿江通商口岸的商会自成立以后就与资本主义列强战和不止,与此同时也与本国政府进行合作与斗争;贵阳等内地的商会由于自身力量很弱,容易受政府的控制,对抗的时候不多,但也有一定的斗争。在沿海通商口岸商会领导下,近代商会在中国近代历史上有一定的积极作用。     

Comparison of total energy expenditure assessed by two devices in controlled and free-living conditions

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of total energy expenditure (TEE) provided by Actiheart^® and Armband^®. Normal-weight adult volunteers wore both devices either for 17 hours in a calorimetric chamber (CC, n = 49) or for 10 days in free-living conditions (FLC) outside the laboratory (n = 41). The two devices and indirect calorimetry or doubly labelled water, respectively, were used to estimate TEE in the CC group and FLC group. In the CC, the relative value of TEE error was not significant (p > 0.05) for Actiheart^® but significantly different from zero for Armband^®, showing TEE underestimation (?4.9%, p < 0.0001). However, the mean absolute values of errors were significantly different between Actiheart^® and Armband^®: 8.6% and 6.7%, respectively (p = 0.05). Armband^® was more accurate for estimating TEE during sleeping, rest, recovery periods and sitting–standing. Actiheart^® provided better estimation during step and walking. In FLC, no significant error in relative value was detected. Nevertheless, Armband^® produced smaller errors in absolute value than Actiheart^® (8.6% vs. 12.8%). The distributions of differences were more scattered around the means, suggesting a higher inter-individual variability in TEE estimated by Actiheart^® than by Armband^®. Our results show that both monitors are appropriate for estimating TEE. Armband^® is more effective than Actiheart^® at the individual level for daily light-intensity activities.     

探析《红楼梦》中的休闲体育文化及启示

《红楼梦》是我国四大名著之一,被称为清朝社会的百科全书。体育作为社会的一个缩影,在书中亦有展现,虽然着墨不多,描写的体育项目也有限,仅作为情节叙述的需要,但是仍可以从中找到清代社会休闲体育活动的开展状况。     

均热板散热器的数值分析与结构优化

对2款外部尺寸相同、内部毛细芯结构不同的均热板进行理论分析与数值分析. 结果表明,1)内部具有烧结铜粉柱体的均热板热性能更加优良,这是由于烧结铜粉柱体缩短了工质的回流通路与时间;2)数值分析对均热板结构优化与热性能的提高具有指导意义.     

马拉松跑者深度休闲限制变通策略的质性研究

在深度休闲理论背景下,对马拉松跑者跑步过程中所采取的限制变通策略进行研究。通过滚雪球抽样选择20名马拉松跑者进行半结构式访谈,运用NVivo 11.0对访谈材料进行整理和编码,分析得出马拉松跑者会采用意识提高策略、自我管理策略、帮助关系策略、时间调整策略、环境支持策略五种限制变通策略克服影响跑步参与的限制因素。     

低氧训练对大鼠骨骼肌乳酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶活性的影响

建立用低压氧舱模拟高原４ ０００ ｍ 低氧环境的动物训练模型,观察３周低氧训练和低氧生活及返回平原复氧训练２周对大鼠腓肠肌乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）和苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）活性的影响。结果表明高原训练能提高大鼠骨骼肌ＬＤＨ 和ＭＤＨ 活性,但返回平原后ＬＤＨ活性显著性下降,ＭＤＨ活性则有再提高的趋势。     

Experimental study on premix combustion at isosceles triangle type rate of heat release for squish type combustion chamber

This paper presents a theory on premix fuel combustion at near isoceles triangle type rate of heat release, describes the measures taken for the combustion system, points out its many theoretical advantages, and that it can solve effectively the problems of rough running, fuel consumption and exhaust emission. Two squish lip type combustion chambers are designed to match separately with multiple holes injector and conical spray type injector in order to achieve premix combustion at near isosceles triangle type rate of heat release. Experimental studies on two single cylinder diesel engines showed that premix combustion at isosceles triangle type rate of heat release resulted in longer ignition delay period, larger amount of fuel injected into cylinder during the ignition delay period, lower maximum pressure, better fuel economy, and better exhaust emission.     

高能粒子径迹漂移室的研制

介绍用于确定高能粒子径迹的蜂房状漂移室组件。每个组件包括32到128个漂移室。用一层层瓦楞状镀金Pocalon膜粘成3m长的蜂房状组件，组件中的每个六角形管腔作为漂移室阴极。在每根管的中央有一根3m长的镀金钨丝作为阳极，加有高电压。漂移室中的工作气体被高能粒子击中时电离，击中点产生的电子向阳极漂移产生信号。处理被高能粒子击中的所有漂移室的阳极信号，可以确定粒子位置，精度达50μm。本文介绍了保证漂移室精度的基本制作程序。     

由《红楼梦》的帖子谈旧尺牍的写作

书信是日常生活中重要的交际工具,现代书信一般使用白话写作,但一些公共礼仪性的信函,涉外的商业邮件,以及港、台、澳等地区仍然盛行旧式书信的体例。论文试以《红楼梦》的帖子为例,分析旧尺牍的写作结构。     

小型风冷柴油机冷起动试验研究

文章分析了影响柴油机冷起动性能的因素及涡流燃烧室最佳结构参数匹配 ,在不采用外加辅助措施的前提下 ,从改进涡流主副燃烧室的连接通道的形状、起动孔的锥度的大小及位置、燃烧室的形状着手 ,以保证在 - 2℃的低温下 ,柴油机能够顺利起动并且其性能指标 (功率、油耗、烟度、噪声等 )不低于改进前的性能指标 ,我们在 15 5F和CZ16 5F柴油机上进行对比试验 ,达到了预期的效果 .