Gap year students in Lithuania: the value orientations of children from wealthy social groups

The paper seeks to understand the trajectories of students who defer entry to university. The study was conducted in Lithuania, a former Soviet Union republic. The phenomenon of a ‘gap year’ is usually associated with young people, who decide not to enter higher education schools immediately after receiving secondary education, instead they choose to spend a year volunteering, working or engaging in other activities. This article analyses the choice of taking a gap year from the perspective of rational choice theory, complemented by human development theory, which was developed by R. Inglehart and his colleagues. The latter theory allows discovering relation between the spreading of the gap year phenomenon in developed European countries and the emergence as well as development of post-materialist values from the macro-level perspective. The theoretical analysis is based on semi-structured interview data collected in Lithuania.     

试论社会公平保障体系的完善与贫富差距的缩小

我国社会主义经济的快速发展给国家带来了强盛和人民生活水平的大幅度提高,与此同时贫富两极分化也日趋严重。借鉴国外发达国家经验,在社会保障方面,从我国的实际出发,基于立法、税收、保险、社会救助和社会公益等方面提出可行性的建议。尤其在缩小贫富差距方面,提出政府要加大对经济落后地区的投入和扶持,同时要打破行业垄断,建立健全劳动力市场的就业平台,对低收入家庭加大帮扶的力度。从而缩小贫富差距,促进社会的公平与和谐,实现伟大的中国梦。     

Seeing the forest as well as the trees: general vs. specific predictors of environmental behavior

The domain of environmental protection is comprised from many sub-domains as recycling, conserving water, or reducing the consumption of energy. The attitude–behavior gap is partly explained by the gap between the specificity levels of the particular measured behavior and of its antecedent(s). The present study aimed at assessing the effects of general vs. domain-specific behavior’s proximal antecedents included in the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model (intentions, attitudes towards the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) on performance of specific environmental behaviors (EBs) in five environmental sub-domains. We found that in all of the environmental domains examined, a specifically worded TPB model predicted specific behaviors better than a generally worded TPB model did. However, the magnitude of the improvement varied among behavioral domains and the improvement did not arise from the same TPB elements in every domain. The implications for environmental education and for EB research are discussed.     

绿色消费态度-行为差距分析及其干预

绿色消费态度-行为差距是绿色消费研究中的一个重要主题,然而相关研究结论碎片化,有待梳理整合以呈现出一个清晰画面。应用文献分析方法将这一差距归因于方法性原因和影响因素原因分别进行阐述分析,其中影响因素包括参照群体影响、产品因素、个人能力、习惯以及情境因素;进一步对缩小这一态度行为差异的干预策略进行详细阐述,最终构建绿色消费态度-行为差距影响因素和干预策略模型。这一理论构架的提出为未来的研究探索提供了理论基础与可能的研究方向,有利于更好地理解绿色消费态度-行为差距,有利于采取相关举措促进绿色消费态度向绿色消费行为的转化。     

四川城乡结合部农业人口体育锻炼现状分析及对策

通过对四川省成都市5个城乡结合部的农业人口的体育现状进行调查表明,城乡结合部农业人口在体育锻炼行为、体育锻炼项目的选择以及锻炼时间上存在显著的性别差异(p =0.02<0.05),体育锻炼场地的不足已经成为影响农民体育锻炼的重要因素,体育锻炼的积极性与其个人收入、受教育程度有很明显的关联,即个人收入水平越高,受教育水平越高,其体育锻炼的积极性也越高。     

试论我国东西部经济发展差异与西部体育产业开发

地区差异问题是我国经济发展过程中存在的现象,地区经济发展差距过大,使东西部之间体育产业的数量、经营状况和经济效益等方面都存在很大差异,加快发展西部地区体育产业是缩小东西部差距,加快西部地区经济和社会全面发展的需要。抓住党中央西部大开发的有力契机,在观念意识、制度、产业管理模式以及运行机制的形式等方面不断创新,加速体育产业的培养和发展,逐步实现缩小东西部发展差距的最终目标。     

亚洲国家面临的数字化“鸿沟”与数字化“机遇”

本文分析指出了在亚洲国家中存在着的数字化鸿沟 ,讨论了亚洲国家互联网发展的不平衡状况 ,以及由于经济不发达导致社会信息化程度低的原因 ;作者希望通过勾勒出亚洲互联网发展现状及存在的问题 ,使得亚洲国家重视用互联网营造新的社会形态。     

Exploring the theory-practice gap in initial teacher education: moving beyond questions of relevance to issues of power and authority

The ‘theory-practice divide’ in teacher education can be viewed not simply as an acceptance of a body of knowledge but instead an acceptance of the teacher educator’s authority to determine what is relevant educational theory. This research aimed to explore student teachers’ views of ‘educational theory’ and how it was discursively positioned relative to their practice in an attempt to examine whether their acceptance or rejection of it was also related to accepting the authority of the teacher educator. Using one-to-one interviews with 23 student teachers and employing a discourse analysis, four categories of students emerged. The paper describes these four categories and discusses the implications of these findings for initial teacher education and our understanding of the ‘theory-practice’ gap.     

库兹涅茨假说及中国地区差距的实证研究

对库兹涅茨假说的内涵、实质进行理论表述与分析,简述了学术界关于该假说的争论,提出了该假说成立的三个隐含条件。应用“各态历经理论”,以改革开放20年来中国东、西部地区经济发展差异为实证研究对象,研究表明无论是中国东西地区人均财富差异、经济密度差异,还是经济总量差异,均符合库兹涅茨假说。文章提出中国应积极寻求发展与公平之间的平衡点与结合点,尽快培育由发展与公平“两难”境地向“双赢”局面转化的政策环境,以及中央政府充当“道德人”角色的功能作用要进一步强化的若干政策建议。     

用合作竞争战略实现沪渝两地的双赢发展

当前区域经济发展理论中并未提出针对竞争性市场中实力不对称的经济实体之间如何实现“双赢”发展的解决方法。鉴于此,本文将在对两地代表性的重要城市上海(沪)和重庆(渝)的经济发展现状的实证分析基础上,提出用合作竞争战略实现两地经济双赢发展的目标,并提出影响这个战略成功的关键机制和环境要求,为东西部经济发展战略的制订提供参考。