The role of schools in disaster preparedness,response and recovery: what can we learn from the literature?

In order to contextualise the articles in this special issue, this introductory article surveys the relevant literature from recent disasters in mostly developed countries in order to explore the wider role of schools in disaster preparedness, response and recovery. The first section argues that as schools are hubs of their communities, it is important to understand the literature on communities in disaster contexts. This is followed by recent examples of school experiences of disasters, particularly in Japan, New Zealand and Australia. The final section synthesises the literature on children and young people in disaster contexts. The article closes with a set of recommendations for integrating schools into disaster planning.     

云南历史灾害及其记录特点

云南历史上的灾害记录,早期以地震、水旱、疾疫等自然灾害为主。元明以降,随矿冶业及山地农业的发展,灾害频次增加,相关记载逐渐增多,新增泥石流、滑坡、山崩、塌陷等地质灾害,低温冷冻、霜雪、火灾、风灾等也日渐频繁见诸记载。云南灾害记录存在简单、古略今详等普遍性特点,也有边疆政治控制及民族、区域性特点;明以前自然灾害多,明以后自然灾害与环境灾害交互发生,20世纪以后环境灾害频次增加,灾害链特征日益凸显,制度尤其经济政策是环境灾害的诱因。     

“农进渔退”:清末以来鄱阳湖区水旱灾情的历史考察

渔业曾经是鄱阳湖区主导产业,明清以来圩堤围垦促进了湖区农业发展,鄱阳湖区成了著名的"鱼米之乡"。"农进渔退"成为近世以来鄱阳湖区及中国大湖区域开发利用的普遍形式。20世纪下半叶鄱阳湖区出现了明显的"农进渔退"。农进渔退引发鄱阳湖区生态环境系统的逆向演替,破坏了湖区的生态环境,农进渔退诱发水旱灾害发生及频发加剧,致使湖区水旱灾害日趋严重。"农进渔退"给湖区造成了巨大灾情,阻碍区域社会经济的发展。     

基于GIS的苏州城市绿地空间防灾规划研究

利用苏州市空间数据库系统,对苏州绿地空间防灾信息进行查询、分类和统计,对绿地分布现状和人员避难场所进行选择和分析。利用GIS空间分析方法,对符合避难条件的绿地和学校操场等空间场所进行防灾避险空间分布及服务半径分析,对绿地空间进行面积量算,认为苏州市中心城区绿地规划应以“五片多面双网碎点”为基本结构,构筑多层次、多功能、网络式、全覆盖的城市防灾避险绿地系统结构体系。     

SOLINET's Gulf Coast Libraries Recovery Projects for Public and Academic Libraries

SUMMARY

In 2005, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita damaged many libraries along the Gulf Coast. Due to widespread destruction in communities, library recovery has been slow. With support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, SOLINET implemented two projects in 2006 to insure that library services remain available in the region. The projects provide temporary public library facilities in communities where libraries were destroyed, distribute grants to restore services at academic libraries and support planning in public libraries, and provide education to facilitate recovery. The projects also address planning for long-term recovery and improved preparedness for future disasters.     

Crisis-Management Content in LIS Curricula: Developing a Model for Future Improvement

Abstract

Although the field of crisis management has grown considerably, academic curricula do not seem to have kept pace. This study investigates how library and information science (LIS) programs are addressing the need to provide adequate and relevant crisis management course content, so as to better empower librarians and other information professionals during community-based disasters and unpredictable circumstances. Twenty-eight ALA-accredited MLIS programs were evaluated. A four-phase model for evaluating crisis management content in LIS education (CM-LIS) has been developed. Crisis management topics were identified and categorized under the four phases: landscape survey, strategic planning, crisis management, and organizational learning. Six broad LIS subject modules were also identified to analyze the percentage of coverage of these topics. In the 264 course syllabi evaluated, curricula indirectly prepare librarians on how to meet and respond to crises and disasters within their communities; however, in many cases, this is given low priority. There is not a strong consideration for natural disasters and the societal calamities and unrest that dominate the media and occupy the minds of individual communities. This study gives insight into crisis-management education within LIS graduate degrees and should stimulate additional research to further investigate the preparedness of librarians and other information professionals to interact with communities in need in times of crises.     

中国北部边疆地区灾害史研究模型的建构思考

内蒙古位于中国的北部边疆．是灾害多发的地带,北疆地区的灾害史研究需要进行研究模型的建构。本地区应该建立灾害史数据模型和历史模型,以期深入认识和了解灾害情况,进而对灾害数据进行系统分析．把本地区灾害历史信息化、系统化、科学化。指导今天的科学认识。     

When Everything Else Fails: Radio Journalism During Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico

ABSTRACT

In an era of over-reliance on online media technologies in disasters, this research examines the journalistic functions played by Puerto Rican AM radio workers during Hurricane Maria. Throughout the emergency there was total loss of electricity and communications, nonetheless local radio continued operations. This study is one of a few that explore journalistic practices during a disaster in the context of a Spanish-language media system. Through a qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with radio workers, we found that in spite of having preparedness plans, the magnitude of the disaster led to improvization and the embracing of alternative journalistic roles. One of the main barriers was the inadequate technology for this particular context. Radio workers were also victims of the disaster and faced challenges in both their journalistic and first responder roles.     

Extended review

This paper is a theoretical effort to support but complicate critiques of disaster capitalism and neoliberal strategies to profit from public education. We put into conversation a discursive analysis following Michel Foucault and a spatial analysis following Henri Lefebvre that focus on monumentalized disasters. We argue that neoliberalism carries out its agenda of privatization through public spaces that are never fully dismantled. We draw on empirical research into spaces that exemplify the usefulness of our reading of neoliberal privatization, including aspects of post-Katrina New Orleans and a more thorough case study of a pre- and post-earthquake Haiti and its highly privatized education system.     

基于知识管理理论的民防灾难管理系统

为满足信息化条件下民防部门构建健壮的灾难管理系统的需求,结合我国民防部门的特点和信息化建设的实际能力,依据知识管理理论,提出了一种构建民防灾难管理系统的新方案.并对系统的组成、功能、灾后恢复策略及如何利用系统实施有效的应急演练进行了进一步阐述.