Data‐driven refinements of a genetics learning progression

Learning progressions are theoretical models that describe learning of scientific ideas and practices over time. These hypothetical progressions need to be tested and refined in order to productively inform instruction and assessment. In this paper, we report our attempts to revise a learning progression in genetics. In particular, we focused on two constructs that embody core ideas in classical genetics and one molecular construct. The revisions are based on analysis of pre‐ and postinterview data obtained from sixty 11th grade students before and after they engaged in a 10‐week unit that addressed these concepts. We found that while many of the students held ideas that aligned with the progression, there were several distinct dimensions of student reasoning that were not captured and led to substantial revisions of the constructs including: (a) the splitting of the construct dealing with meiosis (E) into two subconstructs (E1‐physical passage of genetic information and E2 – the role of sex cells), (b) the addition of new levels to constructs dealing with the universal nature and organization of the genetic code (A) and construct (F). For Construct A, the lower levels were expanded to include ideas about the localization of DNA in cells and to include ideas about the composition of DNA that were not captured in the progression. Revisions to Construct F included the expansion of existing levels and the addition of modes of inheritance such as codominance and incomplete dominance. The research we present offers insights about a methodological approach that can be used to test and refine progressions, as well as insights about student learning in genetics as we further describe and expand the stepping‐stone ideas in the progression and discuss further the multidimensional nature of learning progressions.     

从公司法修改草案看我国公司法的发展

由于现代经济与社会的发展，公司法的理念也在不断发展。各国对公司立法的重视，更是在世界范围内形成了公司法改革的浪潮。而随着经济体制改革的不断深化，我国现行公司法已经不能完全适应社会发展的需要，对公司法的调整成为大势所趋，而公司法的修改必然要同现代社会公司制度和理念的成熟相适应。本文拟从公司法的修改草案来简要分析我国公司法的发展。     

网络计划的编制、优化方法选择及动态控制

论述网络计划编制的要点、程序，优化方法选择的依据以及动态控制，为网络计划的应用提供一定的借鉴作用。     

我国公司重整法律制度的建构

,公司重整作为各国为拯救濒临破产企业而设立的程序由来已久,它在维护股东、债权人和职工的利益,保证社会稳定等方面起到了重大的作用。但是,我国目前还没有建立起相应的公司重整法律制度。通过分析我国建立公司重整制度的社会意义,并结合世界各国的重整制度,阐述我国公司重整法律制度的具体建构,以期建立起符合我国国情的重整法律制度。     

Writing Revision: Evidence for Learning

ABSTRACT

This paper identifies evidence that significant procedural learning can emerge from process approaches to teaching writing, including from the transition of pupils’ writing from draft to revision. It shows how writing schemes that use an underlying process framework to structure learning, give pupils ownership of their own writing and exploit the resources of classes as learning communities can enable pupils to learn how to write more effectively, and in some cases to discover what they want to say through the process of composition. The paper draws on this and other work to set out a number of implications for teaching and classroom practice.     

嵌入式移动数据库中数据广播技术的研究

数据广播是解决嵌入式移动数据库系统用户规模庞大及网络通信非对称性问题的一种有效方法。服务器将大多数用户频繁访问的热点数据以一定的方式组织起来，主动周期性地广播出去，这样充分利用了有限的网络带宽，极大地提高了系统的可伸缩性。在数据广播技术的研究中，需要解决广播的数据调度问题。本通过比较数据广播的平坦调度与非平坦调度，说明多盘调度的优越性，并且通过理论分析推导出数据广播平均访问时间的理论最优值。     

全日制义务教育阶段数学课程标准(实验稿)刍议

《全日制义务教育阶段数学课程标准（实验稿）》的正式出版发行，将对中国今后几十年的可持续发展产生深远影响。为了使《标准》更完善、更科学，应从以下几方面进行适当修改和完善：（1）关于知识技能目标。应明确“对象”是什么；“特定的数学任务”是什么；应走出“灵活”与“合理”的光环；知识技能目标应完善。（2）关于学习内容，应明确几个术语的心理学意义；应对“数感”与“符号感”进行反思；对“应用意识”进行修正；对“推理能力”进行完善。（3）关于总体目标。应明确“数学知识”是什么；应对“抽象思维”与“形象思维”进行反思；对“数学思考”进行修正；对“情感与态度”进行完善。     

加强实践性教学的几点看法

职业技术教育主要包括专业理论教学和实践性教学两个部分,而实践性教学是职业教育的重要内容。由于历史的原因,在相当长一段时间内,职业学校的学生,既没有理论的优势,也没有技能优势,对毕业生的就业造成了很大的阻力,可以从落实教学计划,提高教师素质,实验与生产相结合等方面去解决这个问题。     

报刊编辑修改权论略

报刊编辑职业的特殊性,决定了修改他人作品是其重要工作内容,报刊编辑取得修改权,是履行编辑职责的前提,其取得修改权的方式有三种,即法定修改权、经许可的修改权和因职务关系取得的修改权。报刊编辑在行使修改权时,要符合法律规定,尊重事实和作者行文风格,力求保持作品原意。     

密尔对边沁功利主义伦理学的修正和发展

作为一个伦理学派，功利主义伦理学形成于十八世纪末十九世纪初的英国。边沁是其真正的创始人，但是就其体系而言，他的伦理学是很粗糙的。密尔作为功利主义伦理学的集大成者，批判继承了边沁的思想，发展了边沁功利主义伦理学的理论。本文阐述了边沁功利主义伦理学的主要理论，并分析了密尔对边沁功利主义伦理擘的理论的修正和发展。