Child developmental impact of Pittsburgh’s Early Childhood Initiative (ECI) in high-risk communities: first-phase authentic evaluation research

The national debate surrounding the issue of school failure has renewed interest in the quality, efficacy, and outcomes of early childhood intervention programs that can promote early school success for children at developmental risk. Moreover, researchers and policymakers report the need to document developmentally-appropriate models for assessing and evaluating early childhood outcomes. We report on the first-phase results of Pittsburgh’s early childhood initiative (ECI). ECI is a privately-funded effort by a consortium composed of the business, corporate, foundation, and community sectors to implement high-quality early care and education options for children in high-risk neighborhoods. The overarching objective of ECI is to ensure early school success for high-risk children. Our Scaling Progress in Early Childhood Settings (SPECS) Evaluation Team implemented an authentic assessment and program evaluation strategy and an enhanced “constructed comparison group” statistical model to conduct longitudinal research on the child developmental impact of the ECI model. First-phase results on 155 high-risk children indicate that those who participated in high-quality ECI programs for the longest periods of time demonstrated patterns of progress that exceeded maturational expectations. Weekly collaborative consultation to teachers and caregivers by consultants about program quality using the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) standards as “best practice” benchmarks seemed to be associated with initial enhanced child outcomes and the particular impact of the ECI model.     

论古史辨派的易学研究

古史辨派是活跃于本世纪上半叶中国史学界的一个重要学术流派，为了揭示有关中国上古史记载的真面目，该派对包括《周易》在内的诸多古代经籍进行了考证。其考证《周易》的目的，是“打破汉人的经说”，“破坏其伏羲神农的圣经的地位而建设其卜筮的地位”，“辨明《易十翼》的不合于《易》上下经”。为此，他们重点讨论了《周易》经传的成书年代和作，《周易》经传的性质及关系，孔子与《周易》经传，《周易》一书的结构等问题。这些讨论对于传统易学造成了极大冲击。从学术发展史的立场看，他们的考证难免有疑古过勇之讥。但其求真的精神和实证的方法却对本世纪中国学术产生了深远的影响。     

高等院校档案网络化管理的研究与应用

随着我国高等教育的迅速发展，高校规模的不断扩大，高校档案管理的网络化、信息化、智能化成为发展的趋势，如何进行高校档案管理成为各高校迫切需要解决的问题。本文从高校档案管理的现状着手，分析了网络化管理的必要性，对网络化管理模式的可行性进行了论证，并对高校档案网络化管理中可能出现的问题提出应对措施，为高校档案网络化管理模式的实施提供了借鉴。     

中等职业学校实施创业教育的途径探析

创业教育是现代职业学校的一项新内容。加强创业教育，培养学生良好的创业品质，使学生掌握创业的基本知识和技能是关系职校学生前途的重大问题。当前，我国职业学校实施创业教育还存在许多问题，为解决这些问题，有必要对职业学校实施创业教育的方法途径进行探讨，以利于职业学校更好地实施创业教育。     

Selection for special education services: the role of gender and socio-economic status

Children from some demographic groups disproportionately receive special education (SE) services. Due to methodological shortcoming in existing work, it remains unclear whether this is due to real differences in academic needs or cultural selection/bias. Hence, in a community sample of 1250 Norwegian children, we examined the role of third grade SE services, academic test scores, behavioural problems, and teacher’s level of helplessness in mediating the effect of family socio-economic status (SES) and students’ gender on fifth-grade SE services. Results revealed no direct effects of either gender or SES on fifth-grade SE, but four mediated pathways were identified: (1) Boys had a greater likelihood of receiving fifth-grade SE services when (a) they previously received SE and (b) they experienced more ADHD symptoms, both in third grade. (2) Students from low-SES families were more likely to receive SE services in fifth grade when (a) they performed poorly in math in third grade and (b) their teacher reported greater feelings of helplessness when teaching these students. The findings are discussed with respect to the differential-needs hypothesis, mechanisms of cultural selection and the possibility of gendered selection for SE at younger ages.     

高校体育专业本科生职业趋向的调查研究

通过对江苏省六大高校体育专业学生的就业意向调查,分析认为毕业生就业形势严峻,体育专业毕业生要结合自身的特点择业,从实际出发;学校要结合社会的需求培养人才,对学生的择业观念进行正确的引导,从而提高毕业生的就业率。     

现代教育技术对学校体育发展的影响

“现代教育技术是以计算机为核心的信息技术在教育、教学领域中的应用”。笔结合自身实践探讨了现代教育技术在学校体育工作中的运用问题。     

小学历史教学的特点及其方法

小学历史教学，必须考虑历史学科的特点和小学生的年龄、智力特点及其接受能力，采用多种形式施教，使学生在生动形象的教学中接受思想教育。     

Compatibility and Complementarity of Classroom Ecology and Didactique Research Perspectives in Physical Education

ABSTRACT

A large diversity of theoretical frameworks exists in the physical education literature. This article focuses on two of those frameworks to examine their compatibility and their complementarity. The classroom ecology paradigm concentrates on the balance between three task systems, two vectors, and programs of actions proposed by the physical education teacher and negotiated by students. The didactique research program studies the teaching and learning processes using the concepts of didactic contract and didactic milieu that focus on how the knowledge content emerges within teacher and students’ joint action. The article underlines the complementarity and the compatibility of the two frameworks when analyzing teaching and learning in physical education. It argues that the gray areas left by the classroom ecology paradigm could be filled with the insights of the didactique research program. A concise example of how the two frameworks have already been utilized is presented.     

对生活化语文的思考及探究

传统的语文教学以知识为中心，固守于课堂，学习生活单一、枯燥。本文探究语文与生活的关系，建议让教学回归生活，让生活走进语文，寻找教材与学生生活的结合点，改变语文学习远离生活的状况，充分利用语文学习的资源，改善语文学习的内容和方式。