ICPSR meets OAIS: applying the OAIS reference model to the social science archive context

This paper reviews the archival process at the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), a repository of digital social science data, and maps ICPSR’s Ingest and Access operations to the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model. The paper also assesses ICPSR’s conformance with the archival responsibilities of “trusted” OAIS repositories, with the proviso that audit criteria for archival certification are still under development. The ICPSR to OAIS mapping exercise has benefits for the larger social science archiving community because it provides an interpretation of the reference model in the quantitative social science environment and points to preservation-related issues that may be salient for other social science archives. Building on the archives’ long tradition of shared norms and cooperation, we may ultimately be able to design a federated system of trusted social science repositories that provides access to the global heritage.

“科玄之战”的价值之思

20世纪初在中国思想文化界发生的"科玄之战"一直受到学界关注,然而人们较为重视的是科学能否指导人生观及由此引发的西方科学主义与中国传统文化的冲突如何消解,至于论战事件的内容及形式对我国现实社会民主制度建设与科学文化发展,对中华民族文化主体意识的真正觉醒和社会全面进步所具有的现实意义,还有许多方面值得深入研究与探讨,面向21世纪的中国仍然需要完成在科学与文化的融合中实现社会全面进步的历史使命。     

论知识经济与高校创新型外语人才的培养

80年代末以前提出的具有"听说读写译"基本技能的工具型外语人才以及80年代末提出的既懂外语又懂某一专业知识的"复合型外语人才"已不能满足一些岗位的更高要求。知识经济时代需要有一批更为尖端的外语专业人才,即创新型人才,他们能在国际交流中独当一面,能够创新性地开展工作。本文首先指出知识经济环境下我国大学教育面临的普遍问题,在此基础上提出培养创新型外语人才的必要性,并对其培养模式作出有益的探讨。     

Providing Bottom-Up Support to Middle School Science Teachers’ Reform Efforts in Using Inquiry-Based Kits

Middle grades science teachers need professional support in practice as they implement new inquiry-based science. Professional development schools can provide this bottom-up support through connecting preservice and inservice teacher education programs in classroom practice. In this study, coteaching arrangements with secondary science education majors provided additional teachers in the classroom to support a materials-rich curriculum and the needed associated pedagogies. Science education majors provided needed assistance in troubleshooting difficulties with the new curriculum. They also provided needed content knowledge to support inquiry, along with creating moments and space for teachers to reflect on inquiry practice. Ongoing assistance by preservice teachers allowed inservice teachers to progress from logistical concerns in implementing kit curriculum to concerns regarding student learning and the supporting professional development.

The lamaze certified childbirth educator: standards of practice

A student in a Lamaze Childbirth Educator Program expresses concern that some Lamaze Certified Childbirth Educators (LCCE educators) do not teach classes that reflect Lamaze standards. In this column, the ethical and professional standards of the LCCE educator and the challenges the childbirth educator experiences while practicing in the current maternity-care environment are presented and discussed. Lamaze International's Code of Ethics for Lamaze Certified Childbirth Educators provides guidance when dealing with these challenges.     

论“七艺”之流变

"七艺"是西方教育史上的核心概念之一,也是西方很长时间内的主要教育内容,与自由教育、通识教育等理念密不可分.本文将"七艺"的演变分为古希腊、古罗马、中世纪早期、中世纪晚期四个阶段,探讨了这一概念形成的历史过程,并通过课程的视角考察其在西方教育中的制度化过程.文章指出,笼统地说"古希腊罗马的七艺"是不准确的,"七艺"的概念成型于古罗马晚期,并与基督教有不可割裂的联系,它主要是一个属于中世纪与基督教的概念.     

文学理论的学科危机与学术创新——兼评董学文著《文学理论学导论》

“科学始于问题”,但有时却并不一定懂得真正挨近科学的“问题意识”到底是什么。有人认为在20世纪世界文学理论出现空前繁荣之后,中国文学理论如何在世界文学理论多声部中唱响自己的声音,这是“中国文学理论界共有的‘问题意识’”。其实,这只能算是中国文学理论界共有的一桩空泛无边的心事、心态,与科学所需要的“问题意识”还相距遥远。这种貌似进取的心事、心态一直空泛下去,免不了心生浮躁,要滋生出如文学创作界那样的“消极写作”,挖空心思地“忽悠”出一个并无真实价值的东西来混世。靠近科学的“问题意识”,绝对不是空泛无边的,而是具体的,它是必须能够面对实践领域的无解之题、难解之题,或是错解之题等等真问题的。所谓学术“原创”、“创新”,必须是解决真问题的学术动作。倘并无真问题面对,张张狂狂做出的“学问”,就只能归类到“学术泡沫”里。在尽兴享用着“空前繁荣”的20世纪世界文学理论成果的当代中国文学理论界,董学文先生应该算是逮住了这个领域里的真问题的一位。     

加强会计职业道德建设的途径和方法

阐述了会计职业道德及其建设的重要性,指出了当前会计职业道德的现状并分析了存在问题的原因,提出了加强会计职业道德建设的途径与方法.     

DISCUSSION, COLLABORATIVE KNOWLEDGE WORK AND EPISTEMIC FLUENCY

ABSTRACT:   This paper argues for an action-oriented conception of learning in higher education: one which marries higher order learning (coming to understand) with apprenticeship in knowledge work. It introduces epistemic tasks, forms and fluency as constructs that are useful in giving a more precise meaning to ideas about collaboration in knowledge construction. Discussion is seen as central to collaborative knowledge work and we examine the role of discussion in supporting weaker and stronger interpretations of collaborative knowledge construction.     

Reconsidering the Character and Role of Inquiry in School Science: Analysis of a Conference

We summarize a conference on scientific inquiry bringing together science educators, cognitive scientists and philosophers of science with three goals: